Research On Architecture Style And Its Connotations Of Qu Fu Confucian Temple

Confucian Temple is the place where people offer sacrifice to Confucius and his wife and 72 sages and it is an important feudal ethical building for promoting Confucian culture. Chinese feudal society always regarded Confucianism as orthodoxy of Chinese culture so Confucius, who was the representative of Confucian culture, attracted much attention of feudal ruling classes. Confucian temples all over the country have clear distinctions according to their social status. Although the architecture and sacrificial rites of Confucian temples imitate Qu Fu Confucian Temple, in ancient China Confucian temples were only allowed to be build in places like counties and places which had higher social status and there were clear rank distinctions among capital, provincial and country temples. Confucian temple architecture came to be patternized with the development of politics, economic and culture. It represented the main characteristics of feudal city construction system and it is the main construction element of ancient Chinese cities. Qu Fu Confucian Temple is the fist Confucian temple in the world and the orthodox temple of all Confucian temples, the earliest, biggest temple with greatest accumulation of culture and greatest scientific artistic value. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect appraised Qu Fu Confucian Temple and said "from the perspective of architecture, the architecture of Qu Fu Confucian Temple was very interesting and unique and the only example in the world," "whether the present Confucian temples have anything to do with the original Confucian Temple or not, as far as its history of 2000 years is concerned, it is full of interests.This article insists on using historical materialism and dialectic materialism methods, focuses on Qu Fu Confucian Temple, determines the characteristics of the overall arrangement and its large-scale development and explores the cultural origin of the Confucian Temple architecture from all levels by studying the architecture of Qu Fu Confucian Temple. All dynasty ruling classes used "ceremony and propriety" as the most important spiritual method to reinforce their ruling and strengthen patriarchal clan rules and regulations, which converted into various kinds of carriers of ceremony and propriety including buildings. Qu Fu Confucian Temple architecture shows clear distinction between primary and secondary, orderly overall arrangement, its pursuit of square, symmetry and straight lines and focuses the golden mean, harmony, gentleness and kind-heartedness, and honesty and sincerity. The overall arrangement of Confucian temples abided by feudal architecture ideas and observed strictly over-elaborate ritual system norms and hierarchy systems. This article combines the ideas of the golden mean, order, orthodox and harmony in Confucianism philosophy and ethics, and analyzes the cultural characteristics of Confucian temple architecture and their architecture connotations. Meanwhile it further explores the influence of Confucianism ideas on the architecture styles by combining the artistic characteristics of the temples and structures and aesthetic judgment. By studying overall arrangement, single buildings and decorations, it helps to get a deeper understanding of Confucian temple architecture and overall arrangement.