On The Scientific Outlook Of The Westernizers Of The Late Qing Dynasty

Science, As a form of knowledge and information,has its own internal unique structure, which makes itself as a true science rather than some other things. As an integral theory, science and technology is a kind of complete system, made of various elements; meanwhile,its has its internal whole logic structure. In this dissertation, the author would like to begin with this point of view to analyze the scientific outlook of the westemizers of the late Qing Dynasty,try to give some enlightenments to the development of the contemporary science and technology.At first,this dissertation gives the historical,political and cultural backgrounds of the emergence of the scientific outlook of the westernizers of the late Qing Dynasty,under the same backgrounds,the scientific outlook of the westernizers experienced three stages.Firstly,the stage of the ideological enlightenment of "To learn and process one's skill and then conquer the one by using it",fomalated by Lin Zexu,We Yuan and so on;secondly, in the first half of the Westernization movement,the Westernizers step by step imported the technology and applied scientific knowledge;thirdly,in the end of the Westernization Movement,while impoted great deal of western military technology,they developed the natural science and civil energetically,and introduced the Western scientific philosophy sporadically,learnt the Western science and then entered the "metaphysics".The development of the scientific outlook of the Westemizers experienced a developing process from the external to the internal,from the concrete to the abstract,and it is said that it was developing withing the framework of the so—called"Chnese learning as ti or substance and Western leaning as yong or ruction".In this dissertaton,the author analyzed the great importance of the scientific of Westernizers.Vertically,the scientific thoughts brought forth at the days of Westernization Movement became the great motive force which pushed the society of China go ahead;horizontally,with their scientific outlook combined with the Wesern enterprise entities founded by them,theygave rise to the deep influence to the change of the economy,politics,culture and socity at the time.The dissertation is based on the shortcoming of the scientific outlook of the Westernizers. Viewing theory of integral scientific structure, it's found that the western science and technology imported during the Westernization Movement has lost its structural integrity when it's transmitted,while the logic and law of the fact that science is developing as a whole has been broken.The Westernizers haven't formed a scientific way of thinking and a useful scientific outlook,consequently,they haven't built up a good circle between theorical science and applied science;science and technology,meanwhile,combined with the fact of their being short of basic scientific thoughts,all of which served the important reasons leading to the faultiness of their scientific structure.At the same time,with the restriction of the feudal economic basis,the feudal autocratic rule and the feudal culture and some other restriction of social and cultural background, it is hard for the social structure owning its own room which onlybelonged to science and technology.Based on the scientific outlook of the typical representative-Li Hongzhang,the dissertation has proved the defects of the scientific outlook of the Westernizers.Finally,the dissertation tried to give a conclusion that the scientific outlook of the westernizers gave enlightenments to China's view of flourishing county depends on science and education and "developing modern science and technology"nowadays.