The Research Of The Impact Of Westernization Movement On Chinese Modern Science And Technology

This article focuses on the research of Chinese Westernization Movement and discusses the scientific and technological growth as well as its profound impact on Chinese society during Westernization Movement from the perspective of scientific sociology, applying the principles and systematic theories of scientific philosophy. It aims to illustrate the tremendous progress and difficulties on the road of Chinese modern technological development, and attempts to assess Westernization Movement in a more objective and impartial way.There are five chapters in this article. The first chapter introduces how the modern western technologies were imported into China during Westernization Movement. The Westernization School established military and civil enterprises, and introduced a large number of western advanced facilities and techniques into China. A huge sum of western technological books were translated and published in China, bringing about abundant natural science knowledge, thus significantly facilitating the technological development in China.The second chapter introduces the rise of education on modern science and technology in China. The first group of new-type schools appeared during Westernization Movement and students were dispatched to study abroad. Chinese-style westernization is the guideline of Westernization Movement and it reflects the impact of modern technological education on the breakthrough and development of Chinese traditional educationThe third chapter discusses the emergence of technological talents in China and their growths. It introduces some famous persons in the scientific field in China who were cultivated in new-type schools in Westernization Movement, and discusses the prominent contribution the students studying abroad have made to the modern technological advancein China. It also analyzes the characteristics of Chinese modern technological experts who are distinct from other traditional scientists by possessing the modern scientific spirit, being knowledgeable about the modern science and emphasizing the cultivation of technological talents.The fourth chapter researches the diffusion of the modern western scientific ideology. It discusses the enlightening effect of Westernization Movement on Chinese modern science. The introduction and diffusion of modern western scientific ideologies in China, such as Evolution Theory, Mechanics Theory and Evolvement of Celestial Bodies, have a great influence on knowledgeable people, shaping their philosophy of life and the world and enabling traditional science to develop into modern science in China. Furthermore, it draws the conclusion that it is a misapprehension that Westernization Movement is simply regarded as the instrumentalism phase of modernization in China.The final chapter describes the difficult course of Westernization Movement and systemization of scientific research in China. Chinese scientific systemization is based on Westernization Movement. The original academic institutions appeared during that time, bringing about scientific communication and establishment of scientific periodicals. However, It is impossible for Westernization Movement to evolve into scientific systemization in China due to lack of scientific awareness in the whole society and government investment and support.To sum up, this article draws the conclusion that the reason why Westernization Movement did not realize the dream of strengthening China is it failed to form Chinese scientific systemization, to make science become a subsystem of the society. All these reasons have been neglected by previous researchers.