Harmony In Transcendency--the Interpretation Of Free Will In Kant's Philosophy

Freedom is always the subject can not be avoided in the history of philosophy, of course, it is an important element in Kant's critical philosophy , and it can be said that the core of Kant's philosophy. Under the influence of the controversy between Rationalism and Empirism and Enlightenment, Kant's theory of freedom made a new human self-understanding. In the epistemological field, Kant made a "Copernican revolution" in a priori perspective, and also in the field of ethics, but in this changing, Kant is not restricted the ability of rational people , but high rational people,and people truly become masters of their own.This article attempts to unscrambe Kant's freedom theory from "free will" Kant's theory is started from the "Antinomy" ,and it's the root causes of disputes of the previous philosophy ,misusing or contemptting rational for human. The first chapter settles the thought of freedom before Kant, especially discussing the thought of the main representative of Rationalism and Empirism and their influence to Kant. Kant recognized that "Antinomy" of freedom can not be solved if the priori reason be applied directly the field of ethics without being criticized ,or else only create a rational "Antinomy" . So , first of all reason must be criticized. Kant make a priori freedom can be possible, started from the empirical analysis and restricted the using of theoretical reason ,from a priori point of view And then from the starting of the practice of the principle of rational analysis, so that the practice of free access to the universality, Kant found a road, re-enable compatibility of freedom and the inevitable on the shoulders of the predecessors.The second is mainly discusses theoretical preparation for the free theory of Kant's. Kant's critical philosophy is started from addressing the problem of Pure Reason "Antinomy" , Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason" made four pairs of Pure Reason Antinomy, the third conflict in the contradiction is between freedom and nature, to resolve this contradiction is the core of Kant's Critique philosophy. Kant's theory of knowledge on the adoption of the "Copernican revolution" will be a purely rational theory and rational restrictions on the use of the phenomenon in the community, but also the realization of freedom to provide their own world. Pure Reason will be divided into theoretical reason and practical reason, in accordance with the different, and the former can only be applied to the phenomenon of community, the emotional impression to regulate the use of intellectual areas, through the role of apperception a priori form of knowledge while the latter will deal with, in the face the ability of desire in the ontology community to achieve self-discipline, self-determination, freedom. On this basis, Kant made people and the world a double that is experienced as a character in the experience of the natural world to follow the law of causality, while in a rational world, is a self-transcendent, detached in subject to natural law and the freedom of a causal link. Kant's theory of rationality by restricting the use of fields, opening up the practice of rational use of space. Attributed to natural knowledge, so that attribution of moral freedom, Kant's distinction between such a theory is to ensure the rational use of the experience of the reliability of the world, but also laid the foundation for the freedom of realization of the practical reason in the a priori world.Chapter III makes a comprehensive understanding to Kant's re-construction of the practical freedom. First of all, the theory is beginning from the " priori freedom",and the free law is proofed through a moral law. Then Kant made moral law must be available four theorems, which has been critical in the material based on the doctrine of utilitarianism and well-being, for freedom must be based on the law of the form of universal, self-discipline laws. In order to make free using as the law to specific occasions, Kant borrowed the emotional nature form acts as a rating of "model rules of morality." By excluding all sentimental motives loving, Kant's moral law to act as human motivation, requirements and obligations to the obligations. Ultimately, Kant established the "immortal soul" and "God there are" practical and rational solution "Antinomy" in order to protect the moral goal - the achievement of excellence. Chapter IV makes a simple discussion of the meaning of changing for freedom and the shortcomings in Kant's theory. Kant established the free will with self-discipline, self-determination, but is formally established and, therefore, will inevitably deviate from the actual situation. Although Kant's liberal theory is deficient, but his concept of freedom of the transformation will be free from the outside there is the inevitability of people rescued. Secondly, Kant opened up a dialectical understanding of the relationship between free and bound ,and provided a new path to the freedom for his laters.Anyway, Kant subverted the traditional metaphysics, based on summarizing thought of human freedom , he established the theory of practical freedom , demonstrated the value and dignity. Beyond the basis of our predecessors, has opened up a real philosophy of subjectivity.