A Study On Negative Sign Of Negative Sentence In San Yan

The negative sentence question is a commonly used type with various types and complicated function in Chinese, and it has been concerned by a lot of scholars all the time. In this article, the negative sentence is defined as, first, in content, the negative sentence should express negative judgement as a whole; second, the negative sentence should have marks in forms. So a sentence must meet the two aspects, it can be a negative sentence. This thesis adopting the method that the ration combines with qualitative analysis tries to research the negative marks of negative sentence. Among them, the apparent negative marks are divided into 25 kinds of 10 types, while the latent negative marks are divided into 14 kinds of 3 types. By studying the apparent negative marks,we can see that, there is a huge and nearly integrated negative system in SANYAN, and every word accomplishes the task of their own from different aspects; at the same time, from the analysis of mainly a rhetorical question with interrogative words, we can conclude that ,the basal function of a rhetorical question is to express negation, and this is the same with that of interrogative words, the coherence in function let interrogative words and a rhetorical question become primary negative forms in Chinese.There are mainly six pragmatic functions of negative sentence question in SANYAN : (1)the kind of persuading and dissuading; (2)the kind of urging and commanding; (3)the kind of blaming and scolding; (4)the kind of denouncing and mocking; (5)the kind of pleading and refuting; (6)the kind of refusing and showing modesty.And the relation between the structure form of negative sentence question in SANYAN and its pragmatic function is complex:the same structure form can embody many kinds of pragmatic function,and vice versa the same pragmatic function can also be found in many structure forms of negative sentence question.Although there are similarities between the negative sentence question in SANYAN and that in comtemporary Chinese, the differences are also apparent. During the following several hundred years,the system of negative sentence question continues to change and regulate in the direction of modern Chinese, and finally forms the system of negative sentence question of modern Chinese.