The Study On Fundamental Political Power In Xinjiang In The Republican Period

In ancient China, the county was the basic administrative division and the administrative organizations (including the rural system) under it did not become first-class ones. Therefore, the central government's appointment was only to the county level. In the Republic Period, the basic administrative division was the county, but its appointment was to rural level. From the establishment of the Republic Authorities to the peaceful liberation, Xinjiang underwent the rule of Yang Zengxin, Jin Shuren, Sheng Shicai and the Republic government. During this period, the basic administrative divisions of Xinjiang went through the country-head system, the region-and-village system, and the tithing security system organized on a household's basis. The alliance system adopted in the Mongolian and the Kazak survived the whole Republic times, together with some other basic administrative organizations. They, on the one hand, were consistent with the central government's decree, and on the other hand, had their own regional peculiarities based on Xinjiang's special historical background and regional situation. This thesis will closely study Xinjiang's basic administrative organizations under the central government's integrated decree in the Republic Period. It will mainly focus on the development of the country-head system, the region-and-village system, and the tithing security system system so as to make a deep analysis of the characteristics and the influence of Xinjiang's basic administrative organizations in that period.This thesis consists of five parts. The first part is about "the development of Xinjiang's basic administrative organizations from the Han dynasty to the Republic of China". It expounds its historical inheritance and innovations through the study of the history. The second part is about "the basic administrative organizations featured by the country-head system (1911-1941). From 1911 to 1941, the main form of Xinjiang's basic administrative was the country-head system. The focus of this part is the origin, the appointment, the status of the country heads and the reform and innovation of this system. The third part is about "the basic administrative organizations featured by the region-and-village system" (1941-1942). From 1928, the Republic government of Nanjing implemented the region-and-village system nation wide with the exception of Xinjiang for its special social situation. It was not until 1941 that this system had been implemented in Xinjiang, which also ended very soon. However, comparatively speaking, its implementation was an improvement of the previous country-head system. The fourth part is about "the basic administrative organizations featured by the bao-jia system" (1943-1949). In 1931, the tithing security system was carried out in the inner part of China. But because of Xinjiang's special situation and the fact that Sheng Shicai had not totally thrown himself to the lap of Kuomintang, the bao-jia system was not adopted in Xinjiang. In 1943 when Sheng Shicai did that, the tithing security system was finally widely implemented. This part concentrates on the process of the implementation of the tithing security system in Xinjiang, the institutional formation of it and the appointment of the tithing security system and their functions. The fifth part is about "the characteristics and the influence of Xinjiang's basic administrative organizations in the Republic Period". Through the study of the development of Xinjiang's basic administrative organizations during that period, a conclusion of this area is drawn.