| When people begin to reflect on the history, they will find out two perspective always in the history, i.e., "People First" and "Substantive", perplex the development of the history. Historians and philosophers of various periods have been sparing no effort to solve the two problems. Different understanding of the history and the different settlement of the historical problems lead to different cultural phenomenon and cultural results.In fact, "People First" and "Substantive" are related to each other so that each studying the history cannot avoid either of the problem. Since people's attention on the problems varies from period to period, the two problems seem irrelevant. Due to human beings' concern on self-fate, they try to find out some rule in the history, whose result is that mankind has given their destiny either to God because of feeling inferiority or to themselves because of self-confidence. Therefore, before the Enlightenment Movement, the study object of history has experience one developing process from God to man. However, the different understanding of man has highlighted the substantive problems ever hidden in the history. And substantive problem has taken place of the problem of "People First". Thus, the task of history studying is how to remove the substance in the history. However, because of the existence of the idealism in the history, the two problems have not been completely resolved. Historical materialism of Marxism is based on the materialism, which sums up the labor practice to the essence of human existence and regards the development of history as a spiral process. Therefore, Historical materialism of Marxism solves the two problems of "People First" and "Substantive" perfectly and overpasses the traditional study of the history. Finally, Historical materialism of Marxism has the effect of mankind totally penetrated through the development of the history and removes the problem of "Substantive" from the history development, and into the history of human life and survival of the Habitat domain. |
