Humanism: From Marx To Fromm

The study on man is an important part in philosophy. Even we can say that philosophy is just the theory of humanity. Humanism or the theory of humanity is a special branch of philosophy. As Fromm and some other western experts said, Marx's philosophy also includes the thoughts of Humanism, and Marx also has his interest in the subject of man. In this paper, I will clarify different relative concepts and point out how different experts use them in different texts. And I will point out the features of the theory of humanity: both in《Economic and philosophical manuscripts》and《Marx's concept of man》This paper is based on three fundamental concepts: The Essence of man, Alienation and Communism. The introduction of this paper describes some different ways on the study of Marx, including the background and development of the research. In the first chapter, I will inquire the concept of Human Essence. The second chapter will make a summary of different meanings of Alienation. And in the third chapter I will inquire the practice and theory of Communism, criticizing different solutions on social problem.By studying and absorbing the achievements of former experts, I will try to make a further research on the subject of man. With the differentiation between these two texts, this paper will distinguish the change of the meanings of above concepts from Marx to Fromm.