The Process Of Grammaticalization Of Particle "Lai/Qu"

"Lai /Qu" from the ancient to the modem Chinese use actively, besides acting as the basic verb indicate displacement movement, "Lai/Qu" also develop new nominal usages which are the important performance in the process of grammaticalization. In modem Chinese, the most abundant usages of"Lai/Qu" are acting as particle, including the particle that indicate perfect, events, mood, time, approximate number, metaphorical meaning, harmonic and construction .Many scholars do research on these particle usages, But they concern the link of particle usages less. This paper attempts to use the grammaticalzation theory to summarize usages for explaining the various types of particle origins and the grammatical meaning interrelated. "Lai" as an example, the particle "Lai" that indicate perfect origin from verb "Lai" which act as directional complement, When "Lai" from mean that the action tends to mean that achieving results, the meaning of "Lai" is nominal , "Lai" evolve from directional complement to particle; structural particle "Lai"origin from the particle "Lai" which indicate perfect, after the construction "Verb+Lai" ,it often add the regular complement, form a "verb + Lai+ complement " construction, which prompt the functional change of "Lai"; the particle "Lai" that indicate events and approximate number have relation with the meaning of "since" ; In addition, there is close ties between the particle "Lai" that indicate metaphorical meaning and that indicate approximate number .It is precisely various grammatical function is not independent of each other, so we should pay attention to the links between them.When summarize the usages of particle "Lai/Qu", some particle origins or grammatical meaning are hard to determine, we can find examples from Dialect which can be described as ancient Chinese living fossil to ensure the reliability of conclusions. Modern Chinese only inherit part of usages of the particle "Lai/Qu". In modem Chinese, "Lai/Qu" evolve some new nominal usages, We will use three grammatical dimensions (syntax, semantics, pragmatics)theory inspect the features of "Lai/Qu": in syntax, Semantic dimension, "Lai/Qu +VP(Verb Phrase)"construction as an example, "Lai/Qu" act as particle which indicate psychological trend; in Pragmatic dimension, "PP(Prepositional Phrase)+ Lai/Qu +VP VP₁+Lai/Qu+VP₂"as an example, "Lai/Qu" act as the focus mark ."Lai" mark adverbial elements ,"Qu" mark predicate element, "Lai/Qu" make up complementary relation.