On The Changeability Of The Particles "Ni" And "O"

Japanese belongs to agglutinative language. In sentence pattern, It is different from isolated language (for instance Chinese) and inflected language (for instance Russian). The grammar relationship and function of words between sentences mainly depend on particle or the adhesive components of the particle, but the word order or inflected changes at the end of sentence. Particle plays an important role in Japanese grammar system. As a result, It's very significant to study the particle. The particle can be divided into many types as follows: the case particle, the connected particle, the parallel particle and so on. The main purpose of the paper is to study the case particle"ni"and"o".The alternative phenomenon exists in the course of using every language. Moreover, the case particle words"ni"and"o"are not exceptions. The author study the alternative phenomenon in a comparative way in three aspects: the expression of object and the follow-up verb is motional or emotional one. When we state an object, one is direct word ,and the other is indirect word .In causative sentence, the causee chooses"ni"or"o", which is not only determined by the follow-up verb which is intransitive or transitive, but also by the attitude of the causee's, of whose is voluntary or forced; And the context of the article .When the motional verb follows, in the form, they are more or less the same. But there are great differences in the expression of meaning. And what's more, choosing"ni"or"o", has certain something to do with Its previous items whether is spatial.When they come close to the emotional verb, many people have not noticed the alternative phenomenon of these tow particle words. One of them expresses instant emotion, which is momentary. On the contrast, the other one states stained and long feeling. Moreover, when"ni"being used, It makes a strong emphasis on reasons.Besides, the author also does some researching on the resistant condition when these two case particle words are used. The previous study mainly oriented on the particle itself. However, the author believes that the particle has close relationship with Its follow up verb, therefore, the study should not only begins with the changes of the particle itself, but should also study the verb in a changing way. Since the verb has been put into use for a long range, It has produced certain evolutions: transforming, expanding, and deceasing in the meaning, and thereby, which leads to the changes happened to the particle that has close relationship with verb. The two case particle words are sometimes restrained by the terms which are stable or variable, and the statement at the end of the sentence is positive or negative.