Robert Peel And The Conservative Party

Britain entered into a liberalism reforming times in the 19th century 30and 40 ages. Along with Industrial Revolution completed, Britain became the firstindustrialized country in the world, the industry and commerce bourgeoisie more andmore hoped obtained the completely free trade, the country completely did not intervene, implemented "the laissez-faire" thoroughly. After the first parliament reforms, the freetrade problem was day by day outstanding in Great Britain domestic. In this time, Robert peel carried through reformation, reconstructed the conservative party, andrestored the conservatism tradition. At the same time, he carried through a series ofreforms, including reduction customs duty, strengthen the social legislation and so on.This measure eliminated the barrier which the capitalism developed freely, andpromoted the free trade development. Repeal the Corn Laws indicated the free tradeestablishment in Britain, but the Conservative party broke up for this. The research onthe relation between peel and the conservative party is not too much in domestic, theviewpoint of foreign scholars is too different. Thus, my article tries to explain thepolitical life in this time and make an objective appraisal to peel.My basic standpoint: Peel is the important character in the course of theconservative party development. His free trade policy adapted the basic request, and hada huge historical progress.The total paper consists of four parts:In the first part, I outlined the origin of Peelite conservatism. Burke initiated "tohave the retention transformation" was the theory origin of Peelite conservatism, andpeel's early political activities were the practice origin.In the second part, I discussed the relations between peel and establishment of theConservative party. Along with the Industrial Revolution completed gradually, Britainentered into a liberalism reforming times. In the face of this new kind of instance, peelgradually accepted the Reform Act in order to comply with the trend of the times. Peelmade "the Tamworth Manifesto" in 1834 when he was in power the first time. TheManifesto was the first political party campaigns document in the English history, which systematic elaboration Peelite conservatism viewpoint, and established the foundation of "the new conservatism". At the same time, peel strengthenedtransformation of the Tory party and organization construction, which adapted the newsituation. Under the new conservatism instruction, peel and the conservative party wonthe election victory in 1841.In the third part, I discussed the measure of peel in power in1841-1846 and peelbreak up with the conservative party. In the early days of peel in power, the societycontradictory was incisive, and the national finance was also at the bad condition. Inview of this kind of situation, peel claimed to carry on the financial economy reform,including reduce the customs, encouragement expends, expanded trade and so on, whichin order to achieve the aim of stimulate industry, recover the economy and increases theincome; at the same time, peel proposed the mine bill and the factory bill and so on aseries of bills in the social legislation aspect to relax the social contradiction. In addition,peel also took measure to relax the contradiction with Ireland. But the contradictionbetween peel and conservative backbencher also more incisive. When Ireland appearedthe potato famine, peel repeal the Corn Laws under the Whig party support. The Britainestablished the free trade principle, but the Conservative party broke up and peel left theoffice.In the Fourth part, I discussed peel's contribution and influence to the conservativeparty and the Britain. Subsequently Peelite conservatism obtained continuation anddevelopment of the conservative party, and the Peelites joined the Liberal Party as thefresh blood of the Liberal Party. The Britain established capitalism two-party systemofficially.