Mainting Rights And Benefits During The Loan For Lukouchiao-Hankow Railway For Qing Dynasty

The technology of railway is introduced from the West at the end of Qing. Due to its economic and politic effects, the Powers try their best to deprive the railway control of Qing. For preventing the Powers from keeping the railway in hand not to be a threat on the nation, the Qing adopted a policy that loans for building the railway when they are unable to come true in financial difficulties. The West struggles for the loan among them. The government takes some measures to get the benefits of the railway during the loan.The loan for Luokouchiao-Hankou Railway is the beginning of railway loans in a large in the Late-Qing. The railway are important not only for the Qing but also the Powers and it is very worthy to study on benefit about the loan concerning the railway policy.Thesis deals with the loan for Luokouchiao-Hankou Railway. Through analyzing the benefits between the Qing and the Powers, we study the loan railway and its influence on the economic in modern China.The first part talks about the settings of the development of railway at the end of Qing. The Powers invade and the national military forces go from bad to worse and the governors have to face to the problem that how to resist the invasion and realize the country flourished. After the Sino-Japan War of 1894-1895, the construct of railway is placed on the agenda. The war in the Late-Qing is constant and the compensation and other foreign affairs consumed a huge sum of money,too. When it is a fragible dream to build the railway independently, the loan for railway is the means which the government has to choose. The Qing government should safeguard all sorts of benefits by all means.The second part concerns the choice of country loan: who debts, the country position in debt and in relation to the diplomatic affairs and so on.The other parts dwell on after Belgium is chosed to be loaned, the Qing government maitains the benefits in the materials supplies, use of fund, managements of construction and operation ect. The Powers aim to get the benefits by the constructs especially in Boxers Rebellion. The Qing government takes all kinds of measures to prevent the rights and benefits, such as making strict principle of railway land, keeping military power during the circuits. The railway acts on the other railway loan and the Powers of fighting for the building railway, too.