On The Recovery And Development Of "Northern Manchuria" Private Business During The Period Of Liberation War

In the late period of the Puppet Manchu Regime, under the Japanese economic"control"policy and economic plundering, the private commerce in the north Manchu area rapidly declined and were at the last gasp prior to the Japanese surrender. After the victory of the war against the Japanese invaders and before the founding of the democratic governments in all the districts of the north Manchu area, there was a turbulent political situation and disordered social order in the north Manchu area where there was no condition for economic restoration and development and the private commerce was still in the depression. After the democratic governments of all the districts in the north Manchu area were founded, all the efforts were centralized to restore and develop the national economy in order to stabilize the people's life, consolidate the political power and support the war in the front. At that time, the commodity economy in the north Manchu area already developed into a high level and the private commerce played a very important role in the economic operation; therefore, the democratic governments attached great importance especially to the restoration and development of the private commerce. The democratic governments first stabilized the social order by some activities such as sending the armed force to suppress bandits and eliminating traitors, etc. and created a good external environment for the restoration and development of the private commerce. At the same time, with the wide and deep-going publicity, the private commerce was made to fully understand the policies of the Communist Party of China protecting and developing industry and commerce, and the private businessmen finally gave up their worries and began businesses and the private commerce in the north Manchu area was restored. Based on the above, the government in the liberated area also took a series of measures to make the private commerce rapidly develop. Some indexes such as quantity, capital amount, quantity of employees and profits, etc. of the private businesses of the small and medium-sized capitalists. Prior to the liberation of the whole area of Northeast China in 1948, the private commerce already occupied the majority of the proportion in the commodity retail field and shouldered the great responsibility for the production and consumption as well as commodity circulation between the rural area and the urban area in the liberated north Manchu area.The liberated area in the north Manchu area was the biggest base and the main source of military materials in Northeast China in the war of liberation. With the restoration and development of the private commerce in the north Manchu area, the small and medium-sized capitalists had their economic strength strengthened and indirectly supported the war by means of"giving money"such as subscribing government bonds, paying taxes and money in replace of shoes in winter, etc. At that time, all the cities in the north Manchu area took the private economy as the main part and the private economy took commerce as the main part, so the private commerce became one of the main departments in the urban economic system. It absorbed a great number of urban labor force to be employed, which was objectively beneficial to consolidation of the liberated area of the north Manchu area and stability of the social order. However, the development of the private commerce in the north Manchu area also made the small and medium-sized capitalists use the idle hands in their hands to carry out some activities such as engaging in speculation and profiteering and hoarding for speculation, which disturbed and damaged the normal economic order, to some extent.