Study On Shapes And Periodization Of The Tombs Of Han, Wei And Jin Dynasties In Liao-Shen Region

The tombs of Han,Wei and Jin Dynasties in Liao-Shen region in this paper include the tombs were excavated in Liaoyang and its surrounding areas, such as Shenyang, Fushun, Benxi and Anshan and so on . Up until now, thousands of tombs of Han,Wei and Jin Dynasties were excavated. It's hard to get thorough understanding, because the lack of the division and collection of these various tombs.The paper collects 73 tombs which have been issued in details. And do systematic analysis of these tombs in order to get a thorough understanding about their developments and evolutions. The paper also provide developing condition of Han culture in this area by discussing history origin of these tombs.This paper included eight parts.Part One: PrefaceGive the geographic range and study objects. Make a brief introduction of the historic periods of the tombs I referred and point out the themes and purpose of study.Part Two: History of Excavation and StudyDivide excavation and Study work into three periods: period before 1949, period from 1949 to Cultural Revolution and period from Cultural Revolution until now. Review of excavation and study condition, we appreciate the achievement and point out disadvantages.Part Three: The shapes of the TombsAccording to the forms and specifications, the tombs of Han,Wei and Jin dynasties in Liao-Shen region can be divided into four kinds: the earth grave,the brick grave,the stone grave and the urn coffin grave. The shapes of the earth grave and the funerary urn grave are simple and these of the brick grave and the stone grave are complicated. According to the different plan forms, specifications and structures, the brick grave and the stone grave are classified.Part Four: The typology of burial artifactsDo the research about the typology of burial artifacts: Ding-tripod, box, pot, jar, plate, basin, dressing-case utensil, alabastron, ear cup, table, stove, kitchen range, well etc.Part Five: The Periodization of the tombsAccording to the discussion above, divide the tombs into six periods: period of Xihan dynasty, period from Wang Mang to early Donghan dynasty, period of mid and late Donghan dynasty, separatist regime period set up by Gong-Sun , period from mid Wei to Xijin dynasties and the period between Xijin and Dongjin dynasty. And sum up the different characteristics of tombs in different dynasties.Part Six: Historic BackgroundDiscuss the historic factors of tombs development, combining with the materials. The tombs of Han,Wei and Jin dynasties in Liao-Shen region are generally keep in step with it of central plain of China. But these developed slowly and contained local characteristics. These are related to the historic background. The development and evolution of tombs reflect the developing condition of Han Cultures in northeast regions in Han, Wei and Jin dynasties.Part Seven: Some dissucionsI. Make a presumption of funerary urn: it existed in Han dynasties with different obvious characters. II. The inner differences of Liao-Shen region. Stone graves only spread in Liaoyang. In mid and late Donghan dynasty, tombs in Liaoning have different characteristics with these in Shenyang and Fushun. III. Tombs reflect cultural communication. Dog bone unearthed show the reflection of Xianbei culture. Same gallipots unearthed from Han and minority nationaliyies reflect the communication and national melt.Part Eight: ConclusionThe conclusion of this paper is given in this part,and the main contents are summarized, as well as the inadequacy of the researches in this paper.