From Plans For Frontier To Plans For Russia

People of Qing Dynasty was changing their frontier thought as the western extended in their frontier. It is clear in their dealing with the problem of northwest frontier. After the emperor Chien-Lung put down the rebellion in Xinjiang, his thought of administering frontier was focus on the rebelling of the minority. The Military Government System was a defense system which was aimed at internal power more than external power. As the Russia power extended constantly in Middle Asia, the northwest frontier became an important area which the external power interfered, which let people change their thought of northwest frontier from plans for frontier to plans for Russia.Six chapters will be presented.The introduction: Explains the origin of the topic, recall the studies status of the northwest problem in academia and explains the most important problem of these concerns.Chapter I : I will discuss the basic concept on managing northwest frontier of the Qing court in Early-Qing dynasty. I will discuss the rise of Russian defense awareness in the borderland history scholars and the people who had insight.Chapter II : On the background of the YiLi representation, I will discuss the different attitude on the failure of Chonghou. Two different attitude showed people of different classes concerned the northwest frontier. The different attitude on Chonghou event focused on safeguarding the territorial integrity of border. The public opinion had more clear understanding on the situation in border areas and the comparison between China and Russia. They advocated peaceful situation.Chapter III : In this chapter, I will discuss the Yili representations and the Ryukyu representations in together. In this problem, the Qing court appeared embarrassing. Their different policy on Yili and Ryukyu showed that the Qing court paid more attention to Xinjiang in the northwest than the coast in southeast. This was also showed in the editorial article in Shenpao.Chapter IV : Zeng Jize began using concept of international law in his diplomatic practice. The Qing dynasty paid more attention to safeguard the territorial integrity of border in the progress of aftermath in northwest frontier. These indicated that Qing was adjusting its thought of border. The status of northwest frontier was established in the end in the way of province. This meant the end of JiMi as the way of dealing the problem of the Minorities' insurgency. A new territorial concept was established. People in the private sector paid more attention on aftermath in northwest frontier. They wrote much article in the newspaper and their collection. We can see their thought and attitude about the situation of frontier from the article. They are also helpful for us to discuss people's thought of frontier in that time.The epilogue suns up the thesis and give a general analysis and answer of the question why the northwest frontier was safeguarded as the perspective of the change of people's thought of northwest frontier in the background of the frontier crisis in the Late-Qing.