On Japanese Negative Expression

In modern Japanese language, the related knowledge of negative expression is the key point and the difficult point. It is the difficult point because it can form enantiosis and euphemisms in specific language circumstance besides expressing negation. The essay will discuss it several aspects based on the predecessors'studies.The first part is the discussion on negation, the negative expression and related concepts of negative factors. Negation is the opposite concept of position and it exists on the premise of position. However, the opposite relations of position and negation do not embody in abstract concepts theoretically but in specific speech forms. Nevertheless, the speech forms which express negation are negative factors. They are mainly negative forms at the end of sentences such as「ない,ぬ,ず」and so on and negative words at the beginning of sentences such as「不,無,非」. The negative expression is denying or negating some actions and functions.Secondly, there are lots of opinions about the negative expression. including: from lexics aspect there are antonyms with opposite concepts and some words at the beginning of the sentences which attach the Chinese characters expressing negation. The meaning forms negation. For instance,「不安定,不自然,不都合,非同盟,非公開,無関係,無愛想」and some other words which have negative meaning such as「～～かねる,だめ,きらい」and so on. In addition, usual negative expression is negating the auxiliary verbs「ない」following the end of the verbs and the连用形「く」of the adjectives. Several adverbs such as「あまり,めったに,ほとんど」and so on, infinitives such as「誰も,何も,いくつも」and negative forms use correspondingly. It carries through the part negation and full negation with the related objects.Thirdly, the different places of the negation in the sentences and the different uses of corresponding adverbs lead to the different meanings of the negation. The sentences of same form with different adverbs may lead to conjecture, assumption, doubt, rhetorical question and many moods. At the same time, we can see the function of the negation in a number of expressions such as...