A Research On Modern Mass-versus-Church Cases Of Shandong In The Period Of The Boxer Movement

Shandong was one of the provinces that the modern mass-versus-church cases occured frequently, and after the rising of the Boxer Movement, Shandong entered into the period of frequent mass-versus-church cases. The distribution and the development of the mass-versus-church cases has extremely close relation with the form of the Boxer Movement. As a result of the impetuous development of the Boxer Movement, the mass-versus-church cases in the period were distributed widely and in large quantity .Furthermore, the distribution in time and space was extremely imbalanced, and it had initiated Germany's military intervention, all the characteristics were different from the former mass-versus-church cases. The sudden occurrence of the multitudinous mass-versus-church cases was not accidentally , its reasons both had the natural disaster, and had the man-made calmities; both had the deep reason, and had directly the catalyzed factor. Among them, poverty was the economical reason that initiated the mass-versus-church cases , long-term rampage of the church force was the direct cause that initiated the mass-versus-church cases, resistance of the chauvinism in the traditional culture to the external cultural was latency that initiated the mass-versus-church cases.Not only had these factors decided the inevitability of the mass-versus-church cases existence,but they also had affected the its form development. At the same time, the mass-versus-church cases were influenced by the government authorities. The feudal government always was important strength that influenced folk behavior,and what their attitude to mass-versus-church cases had the significant impact on its occurrence and the form development.The discourse is composed of four parts:firstly,it includes the mass-versus-church cases characteristics before the Boxer Movement,the survey of the the Boxer Movement, the characteristics of the mass-versus-church cases during the period.Ssecondly,it analyses four forms of the mass-versus-church cases.Thirdly, it analyses the reasons of the mass-versus-church cases,especially economical reason.Fourthly,it analyses how the attitude and behavior of three stadholders influence the mass-versus-church cases.Lastly,it gives a brief conclusion of the whole discourse.