Habermas' Theory Of Discourse And Its Applications

This article mainly discusses Habermas' theory of discourse and its applications.Firstly, this article analyzes Habermas' theory of discourse after expounding Habermas' theory of communicative action, and manifests two kinds of principle in Habermas' theory of discourse-principle of discourse and principle of universalization after researching into its applications in ethics,law and culture of capitalism. Secondly, according to the two kinds of principle-namely every subject of discourse achieves the consensus of discourse by discoursing in a free.equal,unlimited way, constituting rules which everyone conforms to them, and these rules embody the benefits to every subject of discourse-this article seeks the help from Habermas' theory of discourse for constructing social harmony in our country, especially, discusses some questions between justice and construction of rules.Because Habermas' theory of discourse is based on his theory of communicative action, first of all, this article demonstrates his theory of communicative action and its core of theory-communicative rationality. This article argues that Habermas' communicative rationality has such traits as following. Firstly, communicative rationality refers to language, inter-subject, procedure; Secondly, communicative rationality is inclusive, compatible, muti-dimensions, erring easily; Thirdly, it is transcendental. And this article mainly discusses muti-dimensions among all of traits about Habermas' communcative rationality, namely communcative rationality is real, true and honest at the same time. In addition, this article also marshals Habermas' communicative action, communicative language and world to live in, and so on.Habermas' theory of discourse, to some comprehensive extent, is included in the theory of communicative action, and discourses upon validity of its own when pre-assumed premises (reality.truth and honesty) are wrong with their validities, including theoretical discourse and empirical discourse. This article contrasts two kinds of principle (principle of discourse and principle of universalization) with communicative competence, ideal speech situation, special logic of discourse, and so on. As to principle of discourse, it is regarded as the kind of principle that can or will be abided and appreciated by everyone who is affected by the rules and a rational cooperator of discourse; As to principle of universalization, Habermas refers to it as the kind of principle that it need not be accepted compulsorily by everyone who is affected by the rules,whether the rules account for anticipated rusults or contribute to negative results, and the rules conform to the benefits to every cooperator and they are universally abided by everybody.In addition, Habermas applys his theory of discourse (validity claim of reality and validity claim of truth) in ethics, politics, law and culture, and highlights that human beings step out ofcapitalist dilemma in these aspects by means of using principle of discourse.With respect to ethics, Habermas transcends the contradiction between objective value and subjective value in traditional ethics, and highlights that human beings attain moral consensus among subjects by replacing subjectivity with inter-subjectivity, inaugurating discourse and falling back on procedural demonstration in his ethics. In regard to politic philosophy, Habermas transcends liberalism and community in traditional politics, emphasizes that human beings construct democracy by discoursing upon it.ln relation to law philosophy, Habermas defines law as a kind of tension between actuality and rules.and expects a subject work out a kind of procedural criterion with another subject.In the cultural philosophy dimension, Habermas criticizes for centered West and centered Orient, and suggests human beings achieve cultural co-being by discoursing upon it.ln a word, Habermas refers to discourse as a kind of criterion and a kind of useful tool in order to reform capitalism.Habermas' theory of discourse embodys in ethics, politic philosophy, law philosophy, cultura...