A Preliminary Research On Word-building Ways Of Compound Words In Huai Nan Zi

The research of word-building ways of compound words of ancient Chinese has been regarded as a part of the studying of disyllabic words more. Disyllabic words of the pre-Qin period have caused scholars' extensive attention. There is study on disyllabic words of the whole pre-Qin period and the research work of the special books has also done much. Research work of disyllabic words of the Han Dynasty has done a little, but it mainly concentrates on disyllabic words of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the research on disyllabic words in the Western Han Dynasty was relatively less. Huai Nan Zi is the first huge works of the period of Western Han Dynasty and reflects the appearance of the previous language of Western Han Dynasty to a certain extent. To research on word-building ways of compound words in it can summarize and find its new characteristic. Also we can do some work for the perfection of the development history of word-building ways of compound words of the Han Dynasty and the whole of Chinese.This text can be divided into the following three parts:The first part: Propose four standards for judging compound words in Huai Nan Zi: the structure of the grammar, meaning of the vocabulary , presenting frequency, affix sign. And cut and tell compound words in Huai Nan Zi according to these four standards.The second part: To analyze carefully the coordinated type, biased-positive type , subject-predicate type, verb-object type, overlapping type ,affixation type, synthetic type of Huai Nan Zi. The focal point is to analyze the coordinated type and the biased-positive type in terms of semanteme and part of speech..The third part: Summarize the characteristic of useage of different word-building ways of compound words in Huai Nan Zi and compare word-building ways of compound words in Huai Nan Zi with those in the pre-Qin period and modern Chinese.Through studying, the conclusion that this text has reached is as follows:(l)Cut and tell 1129 compound words altogether according to four standards of judging compound words that we put forward. The word-building ways of these compound words include the coordinated type, biased-positive type, subject-predicate type , verb-object type, overlapping type, affixation type, synthetic type ,etc.(2)The distribution of the coordinated type, biased-positive type, subject-predicate type, verb-object type, overlapping type, affixation type, synthetic type in Huai Nan Zi is extremely unbalanced. The two most productive ways of word formation are the coordinated type and biased-positive type. Moreover the coordinated type is by far more productive than the biased-positive type. This relates to era that Huai Nan Zi is in and also relates to one's own characteristic of Huai Nan Zi too.(3)Looking from the meaning construction, the morphemes of coordinated compounds are mostly united with morphemes having the same meaning and are united with morphemes having relevant or opposite meaning less. Looking from part of speech, the characteristic of the pre-Qin period that part of speech of coordinated compounds usually conforms with that of morphemes has still kept .Compared with period before, " name + name →verb" is developed to some extent. " name + name→ adjective" "number + number→adverb " "classifier+ classifier→name" these three kinds have appeared newly. But their productiveness is very low. Compared with modern Chinese, many types have not appeared to have an appointment.(4)The biased-positive type can be the second most productive word-building way in Huai Nan Zi. It can be divided into a A type and a B type. Looking from semanteme composition, not only the A type but also the B type are comparatively complicated. This has reflected that the logic reason is paid attention to in Chinese. Looking from part of speech, the part of speech of compound words with the modifier and the modified usually keeps unanimity with that of the center morpheme mostly, and " name + name→name" is the most. Compared with the pre-Qin period , " name + adjective→name " "adjective + adjective→ name " " adverb + a...