The Experimental Research Of Judgment Criterial And Characters In Hypothesis Reasoning Process

The research was composed of two experiments, and the main aim was to explore the judgment criteria and specialties of children and adolescents when they tried to solve the hypothetical reasoning problems. Based on the following three aspects, rule, contents and coherence, the first experiment showed eight kinds of topics and also set two disposals, activation rules and activation facts. The university students were tested to validate the viewpoint that there are two judgment criteria in the process of reasoning. In the second experiment, the materials were composed of two kinds of hypothetical reasoning, the sufficient condition and the necessary condition. And four kinds of students totally 469 were tested, the forth grade in a primary school, the second grade in a junior middle school, the second grade in a senior middle school, and the sophomore. We scored "0" and "1" to every tested according to the criterion of whether the answer conformed to the logic rules. The following five items are the conclusions obtained.1. There are really two judgment criteria (content and form) among subjects mind when they conducted reasoning and the criteria began to develop from the forth grade of primary school. Although grasped the logic rules, the student of primary school and middle school judged the problems according to the experience facts. They got rid of the constraint of the experience fact until they entered universities.2. Activated the consciousness of rules, the grades of the students were obviously improved, but the improvement was influenced by the form of questions.3. The reasoning ability of the necessary conditional items developed earlier than that of the sufficient conditional items, and achieved higher level.4. There was obvious format effect among the four ages, and the order that students grasped the logic rules was affirmation of the antecedent; denial of the antecedent; affirmation of the consequent; denial of the consequent.5. Whether there were the effects of faith prejudice depended on the items' conformity to logic rules and facts.