| Hebei Bangzi and Yu Opera are two branches of the big system of Bangzi clapper opera. With respect to historical origins and characteristics of music structure, there have already been many works on these two different types of dramas. Based on the studies of grand scholars, this thesis, through fieldwork, has solved the problems of what has caused the two different types of dramas and of why there are two different types of dramas, when the big system of Bangzi clapper opera spreads to Hebei and Henan provinces.The thesis consists of five chapters altogether. Through clearing up, analyzing and summing up the historical origins of the two dramas, Chapter One draws the conclusion that it was after the year of 1821 in Daoguang Period Qing Dynasty, that the two dramas came into being. Apart from that, they must be the outcome of the connection of the music of Shanshan Bangzi, local dialect, and folk music, when Shanshan Bangzi spreads to Hebei and Henan. In Chapter Two to Chapter Four, the two dramas with the body of music are compared. Through the comparative analysis of the melody from structure, libretto, and the art of singing in two dramas, it can be concluded that, Hebei Bangzi emphasizes the functioning notes Zhi, Shang and Gong, which are applied as the keynotes of melody, and there are also many about skips of the seventh in the melody, while Yu Opera emphasizes the steady relation between Gong and Jiao. The melody in Yu Opera is mostly conjunct motion. When it comes to the mode, except that there is much commonness in lento, other modes show great difference in these two dramas. Chapter Five compares these two dramas from the aspects of geographic location, cultural background, etc. Based on this comparison, it first views the characteristics of vocal music in the big system of Bangzi clapper opera through the commonness of the two dramas, and then proves what has caused the two dramas to come into being through the difference of music and culture in two dramas.The methods of study in this thesis are fieldwork, music body, compare etc. |
