The Token-bearing Passive Sentences In Ningbo Accent

This thesis mainly deals with token-bearing passive sentences in Ningbo accent. It means to give an objective description of these sentences and to illustrate some passiveness-bearing words such as "Bo" and "De" signifying "passiveness" "offer" "disposal" and "suffered". It also tends to prove the major role of subjective ness in passive sentences having "De Yi/Qu". The whole sentence can be considered as a process of "subjective disposal"; the speaker thinks A(may not be the agent) does something on person B(may be the patient) consciously or not. This pattern shows the token speaker's stance and feelings. Influenced by the token word "De", the passive sentences in Ningbo accent forms a pattern, which in turn modifies the expression of meaning just like compound sentences. The reason why a speaker chooses passive voice is that he wants to express his feelings or understanding. Because it is the subjective point of view that plays a major role in using compound sentence patterns.The whole thesis is divided into five parts. The first part, introduction, presents relevant information about city Ningbo, basic usage of passiveness-bearing words "Bo/De" and brief review on Chinese passive sentences. The second part introduces four sentence patterns of passive token-bearing sentences, on the basis of comparisons between non token-bearing sentences and token-bearing ones in Ningbo accent. Part 3 expound grammatical and semantic functions of Nt, N2 and Vp. Part 4 discussed two different forms of sentences. Part 5 looks back the usage of "De" in history in ancient Chinese. The appendix is 2 accent materials.Passiveness-bearing words in Ningbo accent are "Bo" and "De". There are mainly 4 basic sentence patterns according to the appearance of subject and tone words at the end of sentences. I. N+De+N2+Vp+M. This pattern is the most complete and widely used one. Comparing with common passive sentences, this pattern can be used in a much wider area. NI cannot only be the patient, but also non-patient; What Vp expresses can be expected or undesirable for the subject NI; II: N1+De+N2+Vp, which often works as one part of the compound sentence. The whole passive sentence acts as a movable part. When working alone, it is usually used in a negative sentence; III: ( )+De+N2+Vp+M. There is a patient embedded in ( ). Vp can be one single verb. When NI in I is the patient, we can get pattern III bymoving N1 after N2 with the meaning unchanged; IV: ( )+ De+N2+Vp. This pattern is rare and often used in imperative sentences. Vp is often a single verb. The thesis aims to illustrate the characteristic of passiveness-bearing sentences in Ningbo accent through the study of NI, Na and Vp.Firstly, passiveness-bearing words "Bo/De" in Ningbo accent can't appear alone, that is, N2 can't be omitted. There are some requirements for the complement of these passive sentences to enter mandarins. Usually those words signifying "suffered" can do; yet in passiveness-bearing sentences of Ningbo accent, complement can also mean, "expect", "favorablencss". Non-token passive sentences mean to narrate while passiveness-bearing sentences express emergency form the angle of pragmatics.Secondly, another feature of passive sentences in Ningbo accent is that NI is non-patient. Starting from the type of subject, this thesis deals with them condition where the subject is the agent, place, tool and compound subject. It also studies sentences having "Bo/De". When the subject is the agent, token words and N2 are closely corrected. Vp is often VI or adj. Without "Deyi", the sentence can still exist and express similar meaning except that the passiveness is lessened. When the subject is tool or place, the token words can't be deleted.Thirdly, whether N2 are full or empty matters, much for the orientation of the passive meaning. If it is full, the passive meaning mainly points to the patient subject; if it is empty word, it often points to the speaker himself.Fourthly, the forming pattern of the center Vp in passiveness-bearing sentences is mainly V+complement...