| The first railway in the world was born in 1825 in Britain. Since then, the railway has become popular because of its advantages: it allows delivering large quantities of goods, it is fast and safe; and it is low cost. In the nineteenth century the railway transportation system took the place of traditional means of transportation which were mainly made up of the force of cattle or people. The railway became the main means of transportation in the modern era, which devotes much to industrialization.Xinjiang lies in a crucial place in the continents of Asia and Europe: it is vast; it is far from the east of China, and it is hard and time-consuming for business trade. It is inconvenient for transportation. Thus the transportation issue becomes the first focus in order to develop Xinjiang in modern times. A railway system is suitable for the geological condition in Xinjiang, but the commercial economy inside Xinjiang is so weak that Xinjiang's people can not carry out the grand construction of a railway transportation programme by themselves. While "the old China" had corrupt politics, it was invaded by many foreign countries, so the economy was very weak, the central modern government of "Old China" had no power to build the railway in Xinjiang. As a result, the modernization of Xinjiang was delayed.Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, our government has taken powerful actions to help Xinjiang financially to build the railway between Lanzhou to Xinjian, the Southern Xinjiang Railway (from Turpan to Kurler, from Kuerler to Kashger), the Northern Xinjiang Railway and the double line of the railway between Lanzhou to Xinjiang. All these railway lines play an important part in the connection between the west and the east of China. Even inside Xinjiangpeople have found it is more convenient to travel than before. Now Xinjiang railway system has covered up to 3010 kilometers. Now there is a basic frame of modern transportation in Xinjiang. If we compared it with a big tree, the railway is like the trunk. The road is like branches. At the same time, we also have the airline system and the pipeline system to increase the capability of Xinjiang's transportation. The railway system becomes the main means of transportation in Xinjiang because of its own character, it overcomes the difficulties caused by the geological condition in Xinjiang, and enhances the communication between people, goods and information. Consequently Xinjiang is closely connected with the east of China and the central government. It has solved the long-lasting problem of inconvenience of transportation in Xinjiang. It creates the basic condition for the modernization of socialism in Xinjiang. It causes a lot of changes in the whole development of Xinjiang.In this paper, the author researches and studies the railway--"the real pioneer of modern industrialization" (Marx said). The author explores the development of the railway in Xinjiang, including its beginning, and its developing process. At the same time, the author studies the connection between the railway and the social, economic and cultural changes in Xinjiang, in order to show the importance of the railway and its function for the modernization of Xinjiang. In addition, the author tries to analyze the laws of the modernization in Xinjiang. In order to discuss the issues above, the paper is arranged into several parts:1. Instruction. The introduction describes the content and range of writing this paper, the preparation of papers , the general ideas about the geography of transportation of Xinjiang , and autonomous regions and conditions of the transportation in Xinjiang since modern times2. Investigate the period from the late Qing Dynasty to Ming Dynastyof China, focusing on the theme--how to fight against foreigninvading forces and how to develop Xinjiang, collect information about the suggestions and plans or programmes on how to build the railway between Xinjiang and the east of China, which came from some talents from government and s... |
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