| Hushi,a famous scholar and thinker of Chinese contemporary history ,is the pioneer of the New culture movement around the time of the May 4th movement in 1919.He has written many books and made many speeches all his life ,which had a deep effect on China's academic and ideological circles ,His greatest contribution is to propagate new ideas ,initiate writings in vernacular and new ideas, initiate writings in vernacular and new verses and pronunciations. Besides, he has made achievements in Chinese philosophical history and the new research about "The Dream of the Red Mansion" and the textual criticism of novels. His achievements are based on profound ideas. Hushi's concept of history which is the important of his ideology plays an instructive learning activities, especially in his inductive method used in scientific research, for example, historical materialism; the brave hypothesis; careful test and so on .As a learning problem, there are no systematic and special works about Hushi's concept of history in academic circles ,which is only mentioned in fragmentary circles. My thesis takes it a question of study to make up for the luck in study of concept of history and probes into the ideological roots of his learning activities and develop democracy, science freedom, tolerance, scientific methods useful in learning study, which are proposed by Hushi. Thus we can make the past serve the present.It is significant.Having studied Hushi's works systematically ,my thesis sums up his concept of the development of evolutionary society and of the development of society,the concept of heroic history, and other concepts of history( the law of effect and cause ,necessity and cognition ).Hushi's atheism and humanism are deeply affected by traditional Chinese learning while his concept of the development of society ,the concept of multiply impetus and of truth are rooted in the theory of evolution and Duwei's experimentalism philosophy. Atheism is not only the first part of Hushi's concept of history but also its basis. Hushi first believes the existence of supernatural begins, then fears it, finally suspects it affected by the idea that you must suspect if you study. In respect of the relationship between individual and society, he agreed that man is always evolving, that man's kindness and evil are not innate but acquired during the postnatal instruction, that individual is inseparable from society. Hushi also agreed that countless individuals creates society and vice versa that man will die while society is immortal. So he proposed that if you want to reform individual you must reform society first. After that ,he tests the uselessness and inexistence of supernatural beings by practical experiences to set up the superstitious belief in ghosts and Gods. He enlightens the people first. It is his skepticism that makes him find the intersection between Hushi's ideas and experimentalism philosophy. Hushi thinks society movable and developing of evolutionary society. He says that society develops in two way. One is revolutionary and the other is evolutionary. He holds in esteem the latter and opposes the Chinese revolution. He proposes progress step by step, that is, improvement and more study to solve social problems. In respect of the motive power of the development of society, Hushi holds the concept of pluralistic impetus. In his opinion, economic factors, cultural factors and political factors all become the motive power of the development ofsociety, so he is against the version of monistical motive force and the Maxism. Hushi thinks that it is heroes that creates the human history but not the people. With respect to the knowledge of the truth, he puts forth the following opinions: truth is determined by the people; being useful is truth, truth is endless and relative, experiment is the only way to test truth. Among them, the first two opinions shows his idealism, but the last one is reasonable, which should be treated differently. His opinions about effect and cause is that effect is closely related to cause:... |
