Research On The Relationship Between Guangdong Province And Macao During The Latter Qing Dynasty(1839-1851)

The governments of Ming and Qing dynasty has the full sovereignty over Macao from the time of the Portuguese抯 living in Macao to the early period of Qing dynasty. Meanwhile the relationship between GuangDong and Macao altered with the changes of Ming and Qing dynasty and the nation抯 power. Owing to Ming dynasty抯 distrust to the foreigners in Macao, the policies of defense and caution were formed. Qing dynasty forced the foreigners to obey its orders. The foreigners in Macao lowed their heads to the government and obtained the trust of the roylty from the missionaries who were at that time in Peking. The relationship between GuangDong and Macao became closer. At the same time, they抎 got a model of control and defense which was used by Qing抯 court. There were many uncertainties before the Opium War. Qing抯 court regarded Macao as their threshold of protecting GD抯 western gate. During the Opium War, Lin zhexu adopted the idea of 搇etting the foreigners fight the foreigners? and fought against England with the help of the Portuguese. The Portuguese took a neutral attitude over the war of Guan Zha. This meant the relationship had gone a deferent way. Qi Ying permitted the nine requests of legislative assembly to form 搕he system of 1844?according to the ideas of 搈aking a model for every country? and 揷ontaining Hong Kong? But according to the Portuguese, the system obviously conflicted with the new situation after the 揟reatment of Nanjing?Amaral challenged the system of 1844 and asked for the equal position of Macao with Hong Kong抯. Xu guangjin took the strategy of 搈aking the national people fight against the foreigners? It ended in the death of Amaral and the acknowledgement of Portugal抯 sovereignty over Macao by the western countries. This article collected and analyzed the sources in Chinese and Portuguese, trying to find a clear frame of that historical period and the development of the relationship between GuangDong and Macao.