A Study On The Political Relationship Between Kazakh And Dzungar: 1680-1745

The most important historical period, that is from 1680 to 1745, in the political relationship between Kazakh and Dzungar tribe of the Mongols is selected as the thesis research. During the period, the Kazakh Khanate experienced from prosperity to decline, while the Dzungar empire was developing to its period of great prosperity. The thesis aims to show a historical trace about the evolution of steppe's pattern in Central Asia from 1680s to 1740s, through the research on historical events of the political relationship between Kazakh and Dzungar. There are four parts in this thesis.In the first part, the thesis exposits the historical process of the political relationship between Kazakh and Dzungar in the Tiavka Khan period(1680-1718) according to textual criticism and analysis on relative historical events, the cores of which were for Sairam city battle in Central Asia between Kazakh and Dzungar from 1681 to 1684 and the tsou-shu(奏疏) of Tse-wang Arabtan to Kang-hsi emperor at guihai(癸亥)of the 4th month in Kang-hsi 37(28 May 1698). In the second part, the thesis shows a historical feature of the political relationship between Kazakh and Dzungar in the 20's of the 18th century, by researching the large scale invasion that Dzungar assault to Kazakh from 1723 to 1725. The Dzungar's invasion displays predominantly that the political relationship between Kazakhs and Dzunggar came into a period with violently conflict. Lubsan Schunu, the second son of Tse-wang Arabtan, was the chiefly participator and commander of the war, who led the Dzungar's army to butcher massively many Kazakh's nomad in the valley of Syr Darya river and Talas river. In the third part, the thesis makes an analysis of the political relationship between Kazakh and Dzungar from 30's to 40's of the 18th century by relative documentary material. The clastic Kazakh Khanate strategically migrated to the faraway area in order to avoid the invasion of Dzungar, and then allianced with Lubsan Schunu and Qing empire on the purpose to attack the Dzungar empire from both flanks in early 30's of the 18th century . Galdan Cering launched a large scale offensive to Kazakh's hordes after reaching agreement with Qing empire. After the battle, the Kazakh's hordes became subject tribe of the Dzungar empire. In the fourth part, the thesis makes a study of the politico-economic position about Kazakh's hordes under the domination of Dzungar empire. Kazakh's hordes must termly give hostage and tribute to Dzungar's suzerains. In addition, the Kazakh's horde still have to send warriors to help with Dzungar's exterior war. Most of the Kazakh's captures became bondman of Dzungar's suzerains, and undertook the taxing cultivation or animal husabandry.