Military Aids By Allied Nations To China Through North West Region

The Chinese Anti-Japanese War totally broke out in 1937, and Japan mounted large-scaled offensives to China relying on their military advantage. With the expanding of the war, Chinese resistance war became extremely hard, and was badly in need of military aids, especially the aids of League of Nations. Therefore, the international routes of transportation used to accept international aids appeared to be very important.In the early stage of Chinese resistance war, Chinese international aids were mainly transported by South East coasts. After the loss of Guangzhou and Wuhan, large portions of railway was controlled by Japan and oversea transportation was blockaded in the major coastal cities and ports. The regions of South West and North West became the large rear of the resistance war, and also was the main passage of Nationalist Party to accept international aids. During Chinese resistance war, the routes for transporting military goods and materials of allied nations vies Xinjiang region were three types: road transportation, air transportation and post station transportation.Road transportation is the main route of North West Xinjiang to Soviet Union and starts from Almaty, Central Asia, entering through Houerguosi, vies Wusu, Dihua, Turfan, Hami to Xinxinxia to Lanzhou, Gansu. Meanwhile, the air transportation route between China and Soviet Union opened. In 1939, the air route from Almaty, Soviet Union to Hami, Xinjiang established. Xinjiang established airports in Yili, Wusu, Dihua, Qitan and Hami. These airports guaranteed military goods of Soviet Union transport to the battlefront of resistance war. The volunteer team of Soviet Union reached battlefront at the same time of those goods mentioned above. They flied to China mainland straightly to join in the war against Japan.The port station transportation is Chinese traditional transportation way. During the resistance war, railways and roads were seriously damaged, and the transportation equipments in Xinjiang were backward. Nationalist government decided to recover port station transportation to accept aid materials of USA. Nationalist government opened the China-India port station route in 1944, which was from Liecheng, India, crossing over the mouth of Karakorum, to Yecheng, Xinjiang, and transferring to Lanzhou by car.In 1941 Soviet Union signed the"Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact"with Japan. After that, the Soviet Union versus German war broke out. Soviet Union stopped the military aids towards China. And America passes"Lend–Lease Act", and became the major assistant country towards China. After that, the military aids for allied nations to China also passed through Xinjiang, but was not the main route for allied nations'military aids.