South Kiangsu "Twenty-five Rent Reduction" Dilemma After The War(1945-1949)

Republic of China, rural land reform was a very important topic, almost without exception, all parties had reform program about the land. KMT also proposed to achieve "land to the tiller", however, under the influence in their peaceful and progressive land reform ideology, "twenty-five rent reduction" had become the heart of Land Reform. "Twenty-five rent reduction" was born in the 1920s of National Revolution.It was land improvement policy under revolutionary context. Its core content was to reduce the tenant farm rents 25%. It was first proposed in 1924 by the Sun Yat-sen.It became a land policy in 1926 of the KMT. The aim was to make landlords lose interest in the land, and progressive realization of "land to the tiller." It occupied an important position in the System of land policy in the KMT, after more than twenty years without repeal. After the war, the demobilization of the rural economy, but also for support from village level, the KMT government actively promoted "twenty-five rent reduction"in nationwide,to free tax on the basis of the landlord. South kiangsu relatively stable after the war, and the Tenant system developed, as a "twenty-five reduce the rent" area ideal for sample analysis.In this paper, the plight of South kiangsu "twenty-five rent reduction" post war of the title, make use of a large number of archival material, and rural survey data etc, combine history, sociology, economics, political science method and theory related disciplines. South kiangsu "twenty-five rent reduction" post war are discussed from the following aspects. First, Article analyzes socio-economic structure of rural southern. Discussed mainly in three aspects, tenancy system, economic structure and city living farm landlords.These factors Far-reaching affect the implementation of "twenty-five rent reduction". Second,Article explaines the core meaning of "twenty-five rent reduction", combes their different statements at different times and clarifies its pre-war and war in the southern of the implementation process. So,we can easy to understand in the post-war "twenty-five rent reduction", but also do a comparative analysis. Third, this article detailed discussion the implementation process of South kiangsu "twenty-five rent reduction"after the war. Including the provincial and county levels of government in policy formulation, planning publicity, implementation of the outline and rent reduction survey results,questions and difficulties, and the results were analyzed quantitatively. Fourth, article pointes the dilemma of Sunan "twenty-five rent reduction". On the one hand, central and local governments for their own interests, to intensify the exploitation of land tax. According to principle of "Tax from the let", the parties have intensified competition for land rent, making rent reduction can not be thoroughly implemented. On the other hand, "twenty-five rent reduction" benefits to farmers on the surface at the same time, it contains the provisions of the state power to force farmers to pay rent amount of deep significance. This has anti-rent conventional farmers in South kiangsu, "twenty-five rent reduction"can not be fully recognized, leading to conflicts in the implementation process.Needless to say, South kiangsu "twenty-five rent reduction"faced a great dilemma. This was mainly concerned with two aspects, country (including central and local governments) will of the actual implementation of execution on the "twenty-five rent reduction";the other, all sectors of rural society's recognition of the policy level. The former was subject to the tax policy of the central government, local government finances and modern system of rural taxation and other factors; the latter associated with Southern rural socio-economic structure and economic behavior of the landowners, ethical ideology and values of farms. And they were constrained by both the Kuomintang government's policy of civil war after the war and its association with this great financial crisis at all levels of government.In short, the post-war "twenty-five rent reduction" given to landowners and farmers of benefits that flooded the state continued to obtain in rent and tax,as well as the continuing conflict with the rural society. so, KMT was unable to get the support and recognition of all sectors of rural society. However, "twenty-five rent reduction" on the effects of changes in rural social relations was real and had far-reaching political significance.