Comparative Research Of Chinese And Russian Loanword

As the most traditional and direct communicative instruments since the ancient times, language always keeps pace with the development of society and culture. Loanword, the most active elements in the course of language evolution, directly reflects the interpenetration between different languages. Take Chinese and Russian as an example, the diverse loanwords in these two long-standing languages are influenced by the different cultural basis in a profound and lasting manner.Despite numerous researches on the definition of loanwords, the most accurate definition on loanwords is still a topic of discussion. Meanwhile, researchers study logwoods from various angles, such as cultural linguistics, semantics, and rhetoric. Chinese and Russian are different in their translation and application of loanwords. First aspect is the number of translating methods:loanwords enter Chinese in a more diverse way than those in Russian. Major translation methods in Chinese include transliteration, free translation, a combination of transliteration and free translation, lettered word. diverse translation. transliteration plus conversion of part of speech, and loan-form. In comparison, methods adopted by Russian include transliteration, free translation, semi- imitation translation, and imitation translation. Thanks to the development in economy, politics and culture, as well as the increase of communication between the local nations and other nations, Chinese and Russian experience more and more loanwords in their daily life. Also, between the vary languages of Chinese and Russian, their exist interpenetration. In a word, loanwords have played roles in various aspects in societies of China and Russia.The translation on loanwords in Chinese and Russia both enjoy a long history. In China, the heydays of translation of loanwords come during Han Dynasty. Tang Dynasty, the turn between the 19th Century and the 20th Century and the periods after Chinese adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up. As for Russian, its heydays of loanwords appear during the reign of Peter the Great, the turn between the 18th Century and the 19th Century, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Historically speaking, in loaning words from other languages. Chinese and Russian share some points and also distinct ways, which can be attributed to their different social culture. For example, the political orientation towards the loanwords is the result of a culture featured by worship to central authority, which is shared by both nations. Another example is that Chinese is always forced to adopt loanwords in contrast to the initiative of Russian. Therefore, it is of great signficance to conduct a culture study and explore the reasons for the differences between Chinese loanwords and Russian loanwords.