Experimental Study Of Damage Effect Of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment On VX2 Implanted Breast Cancer In Rabbit And Experimental Study Of Detection Of Ultrasound Contrast Tracer On The Sentinel Lymph Node In Rabbit With VX2 Implanted Breast Ca

PART ONE: Experimental study of damage effect of high intensity focused ultrasound treatment on VX2 implanted breast cancer in rabbitObjective: To explore the damage effect of HIFU on microvessel density (MVD), lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression (PCNA) in VX2 implanted breast cancer in rabbit.Methods:A total of 30 female Newzealand rabbits with mammary implantation of VX2 carcinomas were divided into two groups, with five in the control group, twenty-five underwent HIFU treatment. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) were performed before and three days after HIFU treatment, respectively. MVD and LMVD and PCNA were examined with immunohistochemical staining.Results: In HIFU group, CDFI showed no blood signal in all treated region. CEUS showed no contrast agent enhancement in 21 of 25 tumors in 21 rabbits after HIFU treatment, a linear enhancement was observed in 4 tumors in 4 rabbits. MVD and LMVD and PCNA were significantly lower in HIFU group than that in control group.Conclusions : HIFU can completely destroy cancer cells and blood/lymphatic microvessels, which may decrease the risk of metastases.PART TWO: Experimental study of detection of ultrasound contrast tracer on the sentinel lymph node in rabbit with VX2 implanted breast cancerObjective: To explore the prospects of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and methylene blu(eMB)detection of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer.Methods: Twenty-four rabbits with VX2 implanted breast cancer were studied. First, the SLN was detected by subcutaneous injection of SonoVue; then, subcutaneous injection of MB was performed to trace SLN; last, SLN biopsy was performed following axillary lymph node dissection, then underwent immuno-histochemistry forAE1/AE3.Results:In the twenty-four rabbits, homogeneous echo-enhancement was observed by ultrasound in 12 SLN, non-uniformity enhancement was observed by ultrasound in 22 SLN. Thirty-two SLNs were detected by MB tracer. Thirty-eight SLN were resected following axillary lymph node dissection. We considered the surgical resection as the standard, the detection rate of contrast-enhanced ultrasound was 89.47% and the rate for MB tracer was 84.21%. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the detection rate between ultrasound and MB. The sensitivity for contrast-enhanced ultrasound was 95.24% and the rate for MB tracer method was 91.30%. There was no significant difference (P >0.05), but the specificity (84.62%) and accuracy (91.18%) of contrast-enhanced ultrasound were significantly higher than those of tracer MB method (26.67% and 65.79%, respectively.)(P<0.05).Conclusions : Compared with the MB tracer method, contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging in detecting SLN of breast cancer has a higher detection rate, higher specificity, accuracy and higher sensitivity. This method may become the common method in detection of SLN.