Study On The Quality Evaluation System Of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus And Fructus Aurantii

The Fructus Aurantii Immaturus come from sour orange Citrus aurantium L. and its cultivated varieties or orange C. sinensis Osbeck.'s dried young fruit in Calendar version of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"; currently on the market mainstream varieties of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is sour orange Citrus aurantium real; The Fructus Aurantii come from the Rutaceae Citrus aurantium C. aurantium L. and its cultivated varieties.'s dried immature fruit.The Fructus Aurantii Immaturus collected from the fall of the fruit of 5 to 6 months downed, The Fructus Aurantii collected from the Citrus aurantium fruit is still green in July when the harvest.The Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and the Fructus Aurantii are sour, but there are different clinical practices and quality assessment criteria:First, traditional Chinese medicine theory holds that the Citrus aurantium bitter, acrid, acid, temperature, spleen and stomach.With qi wide, the line delay the effect of consumer inflation; citrus aurantium bitter, acrid, slightly cold, spleen, stomach, large intestine meridians.With a broken gas consumer product, the effect of swelling of the liver in addition phlegm; Citrus aurantium Li Meng, Citrus aurantium force slow; citrus aurantium patent low of qi stagnation, qi stagnation of the trifoliate orange patent high.Secondly, the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" in a 2010 edition of naringin, hesperidin as a new quality control indicators of The Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, synephrine as indicators of the quality control of The Fructus Aurantii.Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium both the same source, but harvest is not the same and the efficacy of two herbs are not the same function, both the quality of the evaluation criteria is not the same.This study will aurantium, Citrus aurantium, the major class of constituents, representation and index components were analyzed, the role of its main pharmacodynamic comparative study of Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium, "a thing of dual-use" of the scientific content.To establish Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium quality evaluation method for quality control and to provide modern scientific basis for clinical use.The main research contents and results are as follows:1. Comparative study on chemical components of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Fructus Aurantii1.1 Flavonoids componentsBy the HPLC technology, this study takes the lead in building the method for determining simultaneously the contents of Hesperidin, naringin, rutin naringin, naringenin, hesperetin, nobiletin.The results show that the total flavonoid content in citrus aurantium was higher than Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium late harvest of 4 and total flavonoid glycosides were significantly lower than the early harvest Citrus aurantium.20 batches of samples through the determination of flavonoids in the results of cluster analysis showed that 4 kinds of flavonoids as indicators basically reflect the Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium medicinal characteristics and distinguish citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium. Clustering results also show that products from the unique nature of the sample, which may be post-harvest processing conditions, and market share are charcoal dried herbs, from sampling products for the low-temperature drying, processing temperature on the citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium Greater impact on the quality. The results suggest that Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium traditional processing methods need to be improved.1.2 AlkaloidsThe alkaloids in citrus aurantium and fructus aurantii mainly is synephrine whose chemical structure is similar to ephedrine. Synephrine's side effects that had been reported by some scholars should be taken seriously. Test on 20 group samples medicine herb of Citrus aurantium and fructus aurantii shows that:synephrine exists in both Citrus aurantium and in fructus auratii and more in Citrus aurantium. The contents of Alkaloids in citrus aurantium are cpmparatively different. It can up to be 2.06%, but some is only 0.12%; while in fructus auratii, it can reach to the 1.12%, or only 0.1%. thus we shall take clinical effect and side effect into consideration when we establish the quality standard of those kind Herbs' synephrine. That how to ensure of safe and effective clinical treatment and whether we shall search for an alkaloids use limitation provisions in quality evaluation system of those herbs needs further attention.1.3 Volatile oilThe naphtha which is extracted by Naphtha analysis in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version appendix XD) will be analyzed in GC-MS,to discover the difference of those two nuts. Then they showed that there are 78 ingredients ?in different producing areas when test the naphtha of The Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, while 54 of The Fructus Aurantii. The chief constituent of the naphtha in this two nuts is limonene (The relative content of limonene in The Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is between 14.15%～42.14%, while 12.77～44.21% in the Fructus Aurantii. There are obviously differences between the two nuts when in different areas, varieties of medicine, harvest times, different processing methods or the instability of their own essential oil.1.4 HPLC fingerprintIn this study, HPLC technology, the first of Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium extracts from a comparative study of fingerprints. The results show that the calibration of the Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium extract medicinal samples generated shared standard fingerprint peaks in both flavonoid glycosides rutin containing naringin, naringin, hesperidin, hesperidin and other components of the new And rutin in the standard pattern of naringin, naringin, hesperidin, hesperidin four new peaks the largest, accounting for more than 60% of peaks, the peaks can be used as Citrus aurantium; Citrus aurantium's Standard chromatographic peak in the characteristic peaks of more than citrus aurantium, citrus aurantium characteristic peak in the same position, there are two non-common peaks from the chemical characteristics that distinguish between the two maps.2. Comparison Study about the effect of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Fructus Aurantii on the rat's intestinal propulsion, gastric emptying and rabbit's intestinal muscle in vitro Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium qi are commonly used in clinical medicine, there are wide in the lower gas, consumer guide Indigestion and other functions, but the role of relaxation and citrus aurantium Citrus aurantium role in rapidly.Efficacy of the two functions are related with the gastrointestinal motility, in order to better verify the Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium effect on gastrointestinal motility and their differences, to explore the possible role of different parts, the part of the whole animal (mouse stomachemptying and intestinal propulsion experiment), isolated organ (in isolated rabbit small intestine) levels of the two-level observation of Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium on gastrointestinal motility.In this study, of Citrus aurantium and Citrus aurantium medicinal decoction on gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion in the role of comparative studies, the experimental results show that different doses, citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium able to promote normal intestinal propulsion in mice; low levels in normal mice to promote intestinal propulsion Zhishi effective than Citrus aurantium; higher doses Citrus aurantium push to promote the role of normal intestinal stronger than Citrus aurantium; Also experimental results show that, in addition to high doses of citrus aurantium, the othertreatment group could promote gastric emptying in normal mice.To further explore the role of the two drugs on a reasonable difference in gas area, as the rabbit duodenum in vitro study to compare Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium the decoction, volatile oils and flavonoids in different parts of the role.The results showed that different parts of the (water extract, volatile oil, flavonoids) on isolated rabbit duodenum showed inhibition, citrus aurantium decoction of the small intestine in vitro inhibition of rabbit stronger than trifoliate orange, and citrus aurantiumflavonoids, volatile oil inhibited rabbit small intestine was weaker than trifoliate flavonoids, volatile oil.Decoction by category composition and differences in inhibitory effect of speculation on the two drugs in the multi-component difference is the result of combined effects, and not the result of a single component.Modern pharmacological studies have proved that citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium biphasic regulation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle function, both excited and gastrointestinal motility enhancing it, but also reduce the role of gastrointestinal smooth muscle tension and spasm. 3. On building the quality evaluation system of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Fructus Aurantii from the same plant sourceThis is the first time to carry out the comparative study on PCR and PCRV from the same plant source by the starting point of comprehensive and systematic differences in chemical composition. The results suggest that citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium Quality Evaluation System should focus on the two drugs on the difference between flavonoids to hesperidin, naringin, rutin naringin and synephrine indicators for the evaluation of a more comprehensive responsecharacteristics and reflect its special medicinal properties; how to ensure safe and effective clinical treatment, should such quality evaluation system of medicine developed further study provided limited synephrine; essential oil because of its close environment, species and their instabilityinto the quality evaluation system is not recommended; traditional dry or dry low-temperature drying method to dry the herbs and commercially available dried herbs charcoal flavonoids quite different, it is recommended to further standardize the Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium harvesting processing of medicinal herbs.