| The incidence of rectal cancer is rising year by year, especially in big cities. It seems that this situation is due to enhanced living standard and changed food habits. Rectal cancer is classified as high-oder rectal cancer(10～15cm to the edge of anus) and low-oder rectal cancer(within 10cm to the edge of anus). The main therapeutic method is surgery till today, but because of the particularity of tumor's site, some patients lost their anuses after the surgery as a result, it was a big pity, it made tremendous bad effects on their lives. So for the purpose of giving a better life to the low-order rectal cancer patients, clinical workers focus on downstaging and shrinking the tumor to meet the aim of changing the way of surgery. That is adjuvant chemotherapy before a surgery—neo- adjuvant chemotherapy. Its biggest significance is not just altering ways of surgery but making tumor downstaged so that it can increase survival rates, even make patients accomplish the clinical complete remission that they can cancel their surgeries.Along with knowing better and deeper about neo- adjuvant chemotherapy, it is used on more and more cases, and its therapeutics has been improved day after day. There are Xelox, Folfox, FOLFIRI, CAP L-OHP, Mayo Clinic and single Capecitabine oral plans. Also the administration route are various, like whole drug administration—vein and oral route; topical drug administration—per anum, transarterial, transvenous and through abdominal cavity chemotherapy. Generally it is according to the pathological category and patient's conditions to chose different therapeutics. Now it is used all over the world, and it has big significance to advanced cancer. purpose to investigate the therapeutics and clinical significance of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer. Patients and Methods oretrospectively analyze the clinical data of the patients who take the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy after diagnosised by the doctors in the colon and rectum group as rectal cancer pathologically in the no.2 Hospital of Jilin University during 2007.3 t 2010.12. Compared the postherapy's CT images and CEA with the pretherapy's, through observing the changes of primary lesion,metastasis and lymph nodes, so that to reevaluate T and N stage, also provide some conditions to change the style of operation. Result the numbers of patients who fits the internalized conditions is 27. after the treatment, most patients's CEA has a downturn, and it's statistical significance(P<0.05), although the range of downturn is different; Nearly every patients's tumor is loss of volume(P<0.05), and their clinical stages had downstaged some degree differently. Of 20 patients who had advanced stage tumor that can not be cured by surgery, then after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, it was done. Also 6 cases turned Miles to Dixon.1 case with hepar-metastasis were sensitive and effective, it made the metastasis shrunk, number of that decreased. Every patient was released after recovering from the disease smoothly, none of them had acute complications in the near future. Conclusion the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy could shrink the primary lesion and make a downstaging, it is effective. And it did not made them suffer some acute complications. All above gave us a hint that neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is practicability, but its clinical effect, complications in the long-term future and whether it could increased survival rates need a forward researching step.
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