Study Of Medical Ethics And Medical Controversies In Modern Shanghai

Based on modern social change and using documents from Shanghai such as "Dianshizhai Pictorial," "medical community Mirror," " reporting ", this article is attempting to investigate people's sense of medical treatment, situation of charlatans and medical controversies. Therefore, it can unearth the moral source of medical controversies and find out access to harmonious doctor-patient relations by analyzing medical ethics, doctor-patient relations, sense of sanitation and regulations.By combing the documentations, mainly the "Dianshizhai Pictorial",and investigating the people's attitudes towards new knowledge and old convention and health-seeking behavior, common people's understanding to the western medical science have come through a process from doubting to accepting , from afraid to trust, followed by the change of medical conception. While in ShangHai, which enjoys a higher modernization, people go back and forth between conservation and radicalism, the medical conceptions have been various. Some doctors develop an unfair rivalry stealthily in order to carry off more patients, which make immoral phenomenon a increasingly obvious problem.Before and after the Revolution, the intense competition made the medical profession showing a chaotic state and intensified the quack phenomenon. Record of the social novel,"medical community Mirror", describes the image of the quack and exposes the various means despicable practice. Some professional medical doctors who worked in health care took utilitarian motives, while patients frequently changed doctors making the competition further intensified. Doctors struggled between ambition and conscience emerging from all sorts of moral anomie behavior, which reduced the authority of doctors and strained the physician-patient relationship. The social context of modern social and historical background also played a role in fueling the conflict of the medical which is exception outstanding in the Republic.Through the study of the reports about medical controversies published in newspapers such as" reporting ", it shows that main factors causing medical controversies are too much medical costs, patients'dissatisfaction with doctors'skill , conflicts between patients'feeling and medical treatment. Besides, the impact of Western culture, the liberation of old ideas, the implementation of laws and regulations, the enhancement of patients'consciousness of rights , the development of media, the spread of medical knowledge, are objective reasons of medical controversies. The cognitive level of patients and doctors'moral character are the direct causes worsen doctor-patient relations.And through the analysis of these reasons comes the discovery that the medical field, who has no objective knowledge of itself in the modern period of social change, blindly insists on building obedient contemporary patients, ignoring the professional ethics of the medical community to adapt to the changing external environment and more assertive patients ware of right vindication, thus the moral decline during the conversion of medical ethics system. Decay of professional ethics of the medical community is just the root cause of conflicts between doctors and patients.Doctors'uncoordinating of heteronomy consiciousness and moral consiciousness of autonomy consiciousness ,not unifieding of slef-discipline of the external responsibility and moral responsibility ,not uniting of old and new moral system by the harmony of moral belief crisis is the moral root of modern medical dispute. Morality reestablish from the three aspects: to cultivate doctor's moral self-discipling awareness, to create moral control mechanisms in the society and to rebuild a reasonable moral evaluation system, can help to reconcile the existence of patients'cognition and medical ethics and to establish harmonious relations between doctors and patients in present days ,which is also going through social transition.