| OBJECTIVE:To master p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) expression in the heart of neonatal rats of gestational diabetes mellitus rats mother, and exploring the internal relationship with p38 MAPK of the heart developmental defect in the infant of diabetic mothers, and further elaborated the mechanisms of the heart developmental defect in the infant of diabetic mothers.METHODS:The Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into GDM group and control group,determined by vaginal smears after pregnancy, the female rats in GDM group were injected with STZ at belly cavity and the female rats in control group were injected with PBS in the same position.72 hours after administration both groups were detected blood glucose and body weight every one day. Two groups of pregnant rats were randomly selected after cesarean 12,15,19 days, all rats were uterine-incision delivery and got the embryo heart tissues. observing the pathological diagnosis of heart tissues by HE stain, The expression of p38 MAPK in heart tissues were analyzed by Immunohistochemical techniques. And also examined the expression of p38 MAPK messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in heart tissues by fluorescent real-time RT-PCR.RESULTS:1. the general growth of female rats:The mother rats of DM group average blood glucose (13.94±1.79 mmol/1) were significantly higher than the control group (3.87±0.97 mmol/1), P <0.01. DM group at the 6 days of pregnant decreased blood glucose levels, but the difference was not statistically significant, P> 0.05. The control group no significant change in blood glucose in the whole pregnant days, the difference was not statistically significant, P> 0.05.Both groups weight at three time points showed an increase, but the DM group were lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant, P<0.01. Byχ2 test, the mother rats of DM group abortion in pregnant 12 days significantly increased compare to the control group, with statistical difference P<0.05;in pregnant 15,19 days the number of abortions was not statistically significant, P> 0.05. 2. The general development of embryos:There are obvious difference (P<0.01) at the number of liquefactive embryos,dead ones,huge ones and hypoevolutism ones between two groups.The average body weight of DM group embryos was significantly lower than the control group, there was significant difference between the two, P<0.01. There are more at embryo heart development defect numbers at diabetes group than that of the control group,there exists obvious statistics difference (P<0.01), major including caul-conus development malformation (VSD),ventricular septal cleft(VSC)and myocardial hypertrophy,abnormal enlargement of the heart chamber,and so on; IN high magnification, the DM group cell structure was unclear, cell edema, necrosis, and a piece of non-structural areas, irregular nuclei. Control group myocardial cell structure was clearly, and the nucleus were rule.The control group showed extensive vascular amniotic sac, clear amniotic fluid, placenta without bleeding, red in color, embryos developed normal.3.The expression of p38 MAPK protein and p38 MAPK mRNA:The expression of p38 MAPK in myocardial cells were stronger on the pregnant days of 12,15, and 19 in DM group, the difference was significant compared with control group,P<0.05. The expression of p38 MAPK mRNA in the heart of DM group were significantly higher than control group on the pregnant days of 12,15, and 19,by fluorescent real-time RT-PCR technique(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Maternal gestational diabetes can cause abnormal fetal heart development. p38 MAPK protein and mRNA in gestational diabetes pregnancy 12,15,19 days of fetal cardiac expression were significantly increased, suggesting that p38 MAPK may be involved in the process caused by abnormal heart development in gestational diabetes,the same group of expression of the various sub-groups difference was not statistically significant, P> 0.05.
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