| ObjectivesAt present, spirit and capacity of human caring in nursing training were not paid enough attention in China. The instrument, with Chinese national conditions, cultural background and characteristics of nursing, was developed to measure nursing caring characters held by Chinese nurses, which could be used an assessment tool for the nursing education, nursing management and clinical nursing to evaluate nursing caring characters, as well as a guide to improve caring teaching and a reference for further research.Contents and Methods1. Literature research was used to obtain the data of the current state and trends of research about caring instruments home and abroad. Caring instruments were collected and analyzed in terms of the development and application.2. Based on the theoretical model of human caring in nursing, the systematic evaluation indicators system of nursing caring characters was identified. Items of nursing caring characters were collected by literature review and expert interviews.3. The draft of the nursing caring characters assessment tool (NCCAT) was developed by Delphi method.4. 282 nurses were enrolled for the survey on their nursing caring characters by the draft of NCCAT. With the item analysis in terms of dispersion degree, correlation efficient, discrimination analysis, alpha coefficients index and factor analysis, the final version of NCCAT was developed.5. The reliability of NCCAT was assessed by internal consistency reliability, and the confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the constructive validity.6. The data of current status of nursing caring characters in shanghai, which could be referenced to personnel training in caring characters for schools and hospitals, was collected from a stratified sampling of five general hospitals by NCCAT.Results1. Main concepts in the research were defined. The caring instruments were collected and analyzed.2. Four level indicators(attitude of caring, knowledge of caring, ability of caring and perceptions of caring ) and eight secondary indicators were identified. Based on the evaluation indicators, the item pool was built. According to 2 rounds of Delphi Methods, the draft of NCCAT was generated.3. As a result of the item analysis and factor analysis, the final version of NCCAT was composed of 29 items. Some of the questions containing real case scenario and choices were rated by Likert-5. The total score was 145, and the higher the score, the better the nurse's caring characters. Principal components analysis with Promax rotation and Kaiser normalization resulted in a four-factor solution explaining 55.009% of the common variance.4. Findings showed internal consistency reliability of four factors with alpha coefficients from 0.714 to 0.849 and a total instrument alpha coefficient of 0.931. CFA supported the priori four-factor structure developed from the conceptual model (χ~2/df=2.974, AGFI=0.89, CFI=0.99, NFI=0.98, NNFI=0.99, RMSEA=0.053).5. The caring characters of the nurses from the general hospitals in Shanghai were proved to be fine by the survey. Scores in order were knowledge of caring, ability of caring, attitude of caring and perceptions of caring.Conclusions1. In this study, the conceptual content, theoretical basis, evaluation environment, dimension, assessment methods and rating type of caring instruments from domestic and overseas were summarized and analyzed, which could provide the reference for China to establish the nursing caring characters assessment tool.2. The NCCAT, with good reliability and validity, was a sound instrument for measuring the nursing caring characters among nurses.
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