Study Of Genotoxicity Induced By Organic BPs And Native BPs, And Cyto-genotoxicity Induced By AQAS In Vitro

Objective To study comparatively the genotoxic effects induced by organic bentonite particles and native bentonite particles on human B lymphoblast cells in vitro, and to study the cyto-genotoxic effects induced by alkyl quaternary ammonium salt on human B lymphoblast cells in vitro. Methods Human B lymphoblast cells were served as target cells in vitro. The genotoxic effects were detected using comet assay and micronucleus assay (CBMN). The cytotoxic effects were detected using neutral red uptake (NRU) assay and CCK-8 assay. Detecting the genotoxic effects induced by bentonite, the concentrations of organic BPs were 1.88,3.75,7.5 and 15μg/ml, and the concentrations of native BPs were 30,60,120 and 240μg/ml. The exposure times of BPs were 24,48 and 72 h. Vincristine and adriamycin were used as positive controls. Normal solution (NS) and gypsum were used as negative controls. DQ-12 was used as a reference compound. Detecting the cyto-genotoxic effects induced by AQAS, the concentrations of AQAS were 0.005,0.01,0.02 and 0.03μg/ml in NRU assay and CCK-8 assay, and the concentrations of AQAS were 0.0.0025,0.005,0.01,0.02 and 0.03μg/ml in comet assay and CBMN assay. The exposure times of AQAS were 24,48 and 72 h too. Vincristine and adriamycin were used as positive controls. Normal solution (NS) was used as negative control. Results The genotoxic effects (DNA damage of human lymphocytes and the frequencies of micronuclei) induced by both native BPs or organic BPs increased with the exposure doses or times, and the dose-effect relationship and time-effect relationship appeared, and the DNA damage and the frequencies of micronuclei induced by organic BPs was significantly higher than the one induced by native BPs (p<0.01 or p<0.05). The results of comet assay and the cytotoxic assays show that cytotoxic effects and DNA damage induced by AQAS were higher than the controls (p<0.01 or p<0.05), and increased with the exposure doses or times. The results of CBMN assay show that NDI was lower than control (p<0.01). Conclusion The genotoxicity induced by organic BPs was significantly higher than that induced by native BPs in vitro. It is one of the reasons of increasing the organic BPs's toxicity effects that AQAS can induce the cyto-genotoxic effects.