| With the improvement of living standard, the awareness and requirement of the living environment is improving, especially on health. The social problem of disease caused by infection of bacterium is attracting more and more attention because the harmful bacteria are widely distributed in nature and varies of species and huge amounts of bacteria are posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, an anti-bacterium campaign is held out across the world. Developing new antimicrobial agents and antibacterial materials to minimize the spreading of the bacterium reduce the infections and improve life qualities would make good sense. Scientists are devoting to working out kinds of anti-bacterium medicament and materials.Due to the high performance of ion-absorbing and exchanging abilities, montmorillonite draws more attentions to be the first choice of abio-carrier of anti-bacterium medicament. Octadecyl trimethyl amchlor and bioctadecyl dimethyl amchlor were used to intercalate and reshape the raw montmorillonite from Chifeng mine in Inner Mongolia Province during the research. This method is based on the feature of the cation exchange ability, and that means ammonium ion can replace the cation of montmorillonite metasilicate laminated structure. The result of X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that, after the modification, the interlamellar spacing in quaternary ammonium montmorillonite increased obviously. The different dosages of modifier lead to different structures in montmorillonite. With the addition of dosage of the quaternary ammonium, the interbedded quaternary ammonium of montmorillonite may transit from lying low monolayer to lying low double deck, and then lying diagonal monolayer to lying diagonal double deck. Besides the diffraction peak of the d(001), the results of the XRD also showed that intercalation products had greater value diffraction peaks in low-angled area, and its length was much larger than the length of the quaternary ammonium. It may be possibly related to the super structure of different pillared types.It was found that organic monquaternary ammonium montmorillonite had significant antibacterial effect of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, 99% of which would be killed in 18 hours. Organic bi-quaternary ammonium was hydrophobicity and had a weaker inhibition in water. According to the research, we could also find that the reason why the organic bi-quaternary ammonium couldn't kill the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was that they were reunited together and couldn't be a well-proportioned dispersed phase in water, so they had no chance to touch and kill the bacillus. But organic bi-quaternary ammonium could dissolve well in oleaginous liquid, and it would have great sterilization ability in oleaginous liquid. According to the above analysis, it could be concluded that organic monquaternary ammonium montmorillonite was suitable for aqueous dope while organic bi-quaternary ammonium montmorillonite was suitable for oleaginous dope.The results of anti-mildew experiments show that raw montmorillonite can only adsorb bacteria but not inhibit the growth of them. However, both of the two kinds of organic quaternary ammonium montmorillonite have good anti-fungal effect on Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillim funiculosum, Chaetomium globosum and so on. Compared these two kinds of organic quaternary ammonium salt montmorillonite, the organic bi-quaternary ammonium montmorillonite has better anti-mildew abilities, and less time to inhibit the growth. It has a great prospective application field covering anti-mildew dope, paper, textiles and so on. |
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