| Inula nervosa Wall. (Asteraceae) is a perennial plant, mainly distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces of China. The roots of this plant have been reported to be used as Chinese folk medicine for treating stomachache and relieving rheumatism.Previous studies showed that I. nervosa Wall. had the pharmacological activities in treating asthma and inhibiting inflammation. However, up to now, only a few chemical constituents have been isolated from this plant. In this study on the whole plant of I. nervosa Wall., forty compounds were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC and they were identified as follows by spectroscopic analysis: XM-1:Shionone XM-2:Ursolic acid XM-3:β-Sitosterol XM-4:Daucosterol XM-26:3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone XM-27:ω-Hydroxypropioguaiacone XM-28:Benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside XM-29:2-Phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside XM-30:Vanillic acid XM-31:Isovanilin XM-32:(Z)-3-Hexenyl-β-D-glucospyranoside XM-33:Isoscopoletin XM-34:Coniferaldehyde XM-35:Kaempferol XM-36:Spinacetin XM-37:Acacetin XM-38:Rutin XM-39:Boscialin 4'-O-Glucoside XM-40:Dihydrosyringin Among them, XM-1, XM-2, XM-3, XM-6, XM-7, XM-12, XM-13, XM-14, XM-15, XM-16, XM-17, XM-18, XM-23, XM-24, XM-25, XM-26, XM-27, XM-28, XM-29, XM-30, XM-31, XM-32, XM-33, XM-34, XM-35, XM-36, XM-37, XM-38, XM-39 and XM-40 were isolated from this plant for the first time, XM-8, XM-9, XM-10, XM-19, XM-20 and XM-21were new compounds. XM-6, XM-7, XM-8, XM-9 and XM-10 were tested for inhibitory XM-26:3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone XM-27:ω-Hydroxypropioguaiacone XM-28:Benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside XM-29:2-Phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside XM-30:Vanillic acid XM-31:Isovanilin XM-32:(Z)-3-Hexenyl-β-D-glucospyranoside XM-33:Isoscopoletin XM-34:Coniferaldehyde XM-35:Kaempferol XM-36:Spinacetin XM-37:Acacetin XM-38:Rutin XM-39:Boscialin 4'-O-Glucoside XM-40:DihydrosyringinAmong them, XM-1, XM-2, XM-3, XM-6, XM-7, XM-12, XM-13, XM-14, XM-15, XM-16, XM-17, XM-18, XM-23, XM-24, XM-25, XM-26, XM-27, XM-28, XM-29, XM-30, XM-31, XM-32, XM-33, XM-34, XM-35, XM-36, XM-37, XM-38, XM-39 and XM-40 were isolated from this plant for the first time, XM-8, XM-9, XM-10, XM-19, XM-20 and XM-21were new compounds.XM-6, XM-7, XM-8, XM-9 and XM-10 were tested for inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and NF-κB activition in pNF-κ?B-luc-293 cells induced by LPS. All the compounds showed inhibitory activities against the NO production with IC50 values of 21.32, 5.43, 33.31, 16.19 and 33.56μM, respectively and had no obvious activities against NF-κB.
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