The Etiology Of Pulmonary Infection

Objective:Antibiotic resistance pneumococci is now considered to be a global problem. So pulmonary infection is becoming more complem. We aimed to ascertain the epidemiology, causative organisms, antibiotic susceptibilities, and outcomes of and empirical antibiotic therapy for pulmonary infection.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed involving 800 consecutive isolates of filamentous fungi in 480 patients who had been hospitalized between March 2006 and September 2008 in Provincial Hospital of Shandong.. The identified isolates were from sputum (considered valid when＜10 epithelial cells and＞25 polymorphonuclear cells were observed on a Gram stain) Contamination was defined as the presence of several etiology in the respiratory sample without a clear predominance of anyone type in an asymptomatic patient.Once isolates were obtained, cases corresponding to proven or probable infections were determined according to the criteria established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards of the USA (NCCLS, M100-S15). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 13.0. Results are presented descriptively (some expressed as mean±SD). Data were compared by use of theχ2 statistic or Fisher's exact test. For all analyses, p＜0.05 was considered to be significant.Results:A total of 257 cultures positive were obtained in 480 patients with a mean age of 60.816±16.59years (range,13 to 97 years). Of the total number of isolates,23 were due to gram-positive bacteria(8.95%),191 were due to Gram-negative bacteria (9.1%), and 43 were due to fungi (8.1%).7of the 23 isolates of gram-positive bacteria wear Staphylococcus aureus. The largest percentage of positive culture was Pseudomonas aeruginosa(40.84%),followed by Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii (12.57%). The frequency of other infective agents was 8.38% for Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae,7.33% for Stenotrophom onas malto-philia,4.71%for Haemophilus influenzae. it was found that 29 of the 43 isolates of fungi was Candida albicans.Conclusion:The most common bacterial pathogens of pulmonary infection are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter Baumannii. Klebsie lla Pneumoniae pneumoniae. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Staphylococcus Aureus are also play a significant role in pulmonary infection.The results of pulmonary infection clinical study indicate thatβ-lactam antibiotic and quinolone wear safe and effective empirical regimen for pulmonary infection.