| BACKNOWLEDGECurrent situation of occupational disease prevention and control is extremely serious in China. China is facing high prevalence of occupational health problems and prominent contradictions. There is high incidence of key occupational diseases like pneumoconiosis, acute occupational poisoning. Meanwhile health of migrant workers has become a social and public health problem, which has impact on social stability and harmony. This research is to investigate the status of occupational hazards and occupational health management in Economic and Technological Development Area of Tsingtao. Moreover, the purpose of this research is to find a solution for the improvement of occupational health management.METHODSField epidemiology method was adopted. Qualitative and quantitative studies were both applied. Information was collected through face-to-face and semi-structured interviews. Excel database was established so that logic testing and sampling review can be done by computer to ensure the accuracy of database. SPSS 11.0 and Microsoft Office Excel 2003 were applied as statistical analysis tools.MAIN RESULTSThere are 330 enterprises with the number of workers 69112 existing occupational hazards factors. There are 23717 workers (16732 males and 6985 females) being faced with occupational hazards factors, of which 49.91% are migrant workers.1. Industry DistributionAmong 19 industries, Auto Repair industry is the majority, including 60 enterprises that are 18.18% of total. Building materials (12.42%), machinery manufacturing (11.51%), electronics (7.88%), textile (4.24%) and light industry (3.94%) follow it.2. Registration Type DistributionForeign-invested enterprises, Limited Company, Collective enterprises, Limited liability companies, and State-owned enterprises ranked the top five by the total of employees,34.03%,20.27%,14.69%,12.90% and 7.69% respectively.3. Enterprise Size DistributionIn large, medium, small enterprises, employees'exposure proportion is 24.08%, 36.37%, 42.26% respectively, of which migrant workers proportion is 42.47%, 58.77%, 43.25% respectively. There are no statistically significant differences among different sizes of groups by ANOVA analysis.4. The Status of Employees Exposed to Occupational Hazards.Of the whole employees exposed to occupational hazards, there are 3562 employees being exposed to chemical poisons,17812 to physical factors,6639 to dust. Moreover, physical examination proportion is 88.48%,77.99%,82.12% respectively.5. The physical examination rate of the employees exposed to hazards is highest in electric power, shipbuilding, nonferrous metals and pharmaceutical industry. The average of physical examination rate is 77.58%.6. Age, Seniority, and Education Distribution.Of all the employees exposed to occupational hazards,61.76% are from 18 to 28 years old,66.97% have worked for less than 5 years,51.03% are senior middle school and technical secondary school levels of education, which is the majority.7. Distribution of occupational hazards factorsMost exposed chemical poisons are organic solvents.14.6% of workers expose to toluene, which is followed by benzene and xylene. Dust type is mainly welding dust, which 36.02% of workers are exposed to, followed by cotton dust, foundry dust, and silica dust. Of all physical factors, noise hazards are the majority, which 92% of workers exposed.8. Occupational Health Management of the Employing Units43.9% of the employing units have set up occupational regulatory institution; 64.2% have occupational health management staff; 50.6% have established and improved the occupational disease prevention and management measures; 30.9% declare to local health administrative departments; 44.8% have staff training; 43.6 % set warning signs on the posts of being exposed to occupational hazards; 64.8% have occupational protection facilities; 31.82% have detected occupational hazards. Above all, the rate of detection is different among enterprises of different size by the chi-square test.CONCLUSIONS1.Workers exposed to occupational-disease-inductive factors in the region have the characteristics of large number, young age and short length of service. Occupational disease sufferers are tending to be younger. Migrant workers have become the main part of employees exposed to occupational hazards.2.35.15% of employing units are in poor working conditions, and have not had effective protective measures; occupational hazards in workplaces has not been effectively prevention and controlled.3. There are varieties of occupational hazards in automobile maintenance industry that affect the health of workers in varying degrees.4. Primary occupational health examination institutions are limited in staffs and technologies. Therefore, the orientation of target disease or occupational taboo under the occupational health surveillance is inaccurate.5. The negative effects of "a shotgun wedding" in the process of attracting foreign investment gradually revealed. It brings difficulty for health supervision due to lack of primary prevention.6. Occupational Disease Prevention did not arouse social attentions enough. In Health Administrative Department, Safety Supervision and Management Department, Labor Department, these phenomenons existed, such as over-lapping functions, unclearly responsibilities, miscommunication, and ineffective supervision.SUGGESTIONSThe author proposed us to establish and perfect the mechanism of Occupational Disease Prevention; pay more attention to the issue of migrant workers and rights; implement the interventions of occupational health education; carry out and promote the occupational hazards evaluation of construction projects actively; strengthen preventive health supervision; improve and standardize the level of service; enforce the supervision and inspection to the critical industries, enterprises, groups and etc.
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