The Current Situation And Progress In The Research Of Tumor DNA Vaccine (One Case Report)

Today, the treatment of tumor is still a tough problem. Gene immunotherapy that is developed in recent years, has became an important development direction for the treatment of malignant tumor because of its higher specificity, well-targeted, lower side effects.Deoxyribonucleic acid vaccine (DNA vaccine), also called nucleic acid vaccine or gene vaccine, is a novel vaccine that is produced recently along with the development of gene therapy technology. Mechanism of action of DNA vaccine:at first clone the foreign gene (ie gene) which encoding a protein antigen into the eukaryotic expression vector; then introduct the recombinant plasmid DNA into the host body after that the foreign gene can express in the host body producing natural antigen, eventually the natural antigen activates the immune system to induce specific cellular and humoral immune responses thus achieving the purpose of prevention and treatment of disease.DNA vaccine has the advantages of live attenuated vaccine and is as safe as inactivated vaccine or subunit vaccine making it a key role in tumor treatment. There is rapid progress in the research of DNA vaccines, and a lot of clinical trials are going on it.But its overall immune effect is not satisfactory. At some time, the immune effect in large animals that is produced by DNA vaccines is not as well as in small animals.some times, DNA vaccines can produce a very good immune protection effectiveness in animal experiments, but can not protect the subjects from attacking by pathogens in clinical trials.There are many newly research strategy emerged in order to solve these problems.The DNA vaccine as a new type of vaccine is not clearly understood in many aspects. It need a lot of testing and researches to resolve the problems in trials, such as safety, the species and individual differences of immune efficiency, immune tolerance, systemic toxicity, resulting in tumor and having no uniform standard of immunological methods.This review summarizing lots of domestic and foreign literature give a detailed introduction about the construction of tumor DNA vaccines, the mechanisms of immune responses, immune ways and methods, types of tumor DNA vaccine and the using of immune adjuvant, and raise up measurements to improving the immunity effectiveness to tumor. In the end, there is a case report of using the liver cancer DNA vaccine (pVAX-1-HBVX-MAGE-1-MAGE-3) to treat the primary hepatocellular carcinoma.