Comparisons In Sleep-Wake Patterns And Sleep Problems In Adolescents Between Mauca And Heshan City (Guang Dong Of China)

Objective:To explore the situation of sleep-wake patterns and sleep problems and their correlated factors in several high schools from Macau and Heshan city of China. We also aimed to compare the differences in sleep-wake patterns and sleep problems between these cities. The consequences of sleep problems in terms of daytime sleepiness, mood dysfunctions in these two cities were also explored.Methods:The same questionnaire were distributed to the secondary school students in Macau and Heshan, totally 1479 samples. The questionnaire including items base on sleep-wake patterns, life habits, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), State -Trait Anxiety Inventory (S-TAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). There are 816 questionnaire samples from Heshan and 618 from Macau were returned finally.Results:We found that the bed time and wake up time in Heshan students during weekday, weekend or holiday were both significant earlier than those in Macau students (p<0.05) with longer sleep duration. Macau students had more severe delayed bedtime and wake up time and more sleep compensation in weekend and holiday than Heshan students. Univariate analysis showed that higher rates of sleep problems (including difficult falling asleep, difficult maintaining sleep and early morning awakening) were found in Heshan than Macau, in females than in males and in junior students than in senior students; while Macau students reported poorer sleep efficiency than Heshan students. The total score of ESS,SAI,TAI and BDI were higher in Mauca students than in Heshan students Heshan while higher scores of PSQI were found in Heshan students than in Macau students. Pearson correlation analysis found that ESS, SAI, TAI, BDI and PSQI were highly correlated with each other.Conclusions:In this study we found remarkable difference of sleep-wake patterns between Heshan and Macau. Total sleep time in Macau students is significant less than Heshan students, they more trend to "late go bed time, late wake up time ", sleepcycle prolong time in non-studying day were significant greater in Macau studens when compare to Heshan students. But the sleep problems in Heshan students were serious than Macau students, especially in female and senior students. We also found that the factors that affecting the sleep problems were study pressure, noise in bedroom and the relationship between familys and friends et al. However, the daily sleep problems, anxiety and depressive mood were most popular found in Macau students when compare to Heshan students. We also found that the relationship between PSQI, ESS, SAI, TAI and BDI is positive correlation; which indicated that sleep problems could lead to various mood and daytime impairments.