| Steroidal saponins play a key role in the cardiovascular disease treatment. Dioscorea is the main herbs used for extracting the steroidal saponins in China. Both the methods for extracting the Dioscorea saponins, especially the bisdesmosidic saponins, and the pharmacological effects of Dioscorea saponins on the treatment of cardiovascular disease, are needed for further study. Thus, we selected Dioscorea zingiberensis, which is rich in steroidal saponin and only exists in China, for this study. The main contents are as follows:1 The fresh rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright were extracted with boiling water and then was extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction. The water fraction were isolated by the reversed-phase column chromatography. The chemical structures were elucidated by means of 1H-NMR,13C-NMR,135DEPT, HMQC and HMBC spectroscopic analyses. The result showed that it was bisdesmosidic steroidal saponin (SY-C1) which was identified as (25R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-furost-5-en-3β,22ξ-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-Glucopyranosyl (1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside;2 A cardiac I/R model in vitro was established with primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to observe the viability of cardiomyocytes by MTT assay and the lactate dehydrogenase activity in the culture solution by automatic biochemical analyzer; The results showed that there was no significant differences in I/R neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocyte;3 A model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was established with a Langendorff apparatus to observe the effect of SY-C1 on the heart function:left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), the maximal rate of increase of LV pressure (LV dp/dtmax), the maximal rate of decrease of LV pressure (LV dp/dtmin), monophasic action potentials (MAP), heart rates (HR); and the lactate dehydrogenasein (LDH) activity in the coronary effluent fluid at different times by automatic biochemical analyzer; it exerts protective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts by effectively relieving the decrease in left ventricular cardiac function and decreasing the levels of LDH in the coronary effluent fluid;4 A model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was established with posterior pituitary injection and nitroglycerin injection to observe stroke volume (SV), cardiac output(CO), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle fraction shortening (LVFS), E/A peak and so on. The resultts showed that SY-C1 can improve cardiac function in mice.
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