| Objectives: Aquaporins (aquaporin, AQPs) are a group of protein family, which are related to the liquid's inter-membrane fluidity and consist of a series of homologous intrinsic membrane protein. Since 1991, Arg and other scientists had completed the cloning and identification of AQP1. Till now, 13 kinds of aquaporins have been identified from the mammalian tissues, which are, AQP0, AQP1 ~ 12, known as the aquaporins family. They exist widely in the body tissue of animals, plants and micro-organisms, especially in the epithelial cells and endothelial cells which are related to the secretion and absorption of liquid. They participate in the secretion and absorption of water and extra-cellular water balance, and belong to an ancient trans-membrane channel protein family. The gestational diabetes mellitus refers to a kind of diabetes which first appeared or discovered during the period of gestation. Its incidence vary greatly according to the reports all over the world and that of our country is 3 ~ 6%. For most patients, the condition of abnormal post-partum glucose metabolism can return to normal, but the chance of suffering diabetes will rise in the future. The diabetes in pregnant women goes through complicated clinical process and it may cause great hazard to both the mother and the kid. Therefore, it deserves our attention. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars found that AQP1, 3,9 all expressed in the placenta, chorionic and amniotic membrane; and scientists also proposed that they are all significant channels in leading a great many molecules to complete their inter-membrane circulation through osmotic pressure gradient. However, the AQPs'appearance in fetal membrane of pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism has not been reported. This study tries to utilize the reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology and immunological assay to study the AQP1, 3,9 gene's expression in the fetal membrane of pregnant women with diabetes and to monitor the abnormal pregnant women's fasting blood glucose and fasting blood insulin level. Through the comparison of the correlation between them, scientists aim at finding out the possibility of the effect that the aquaprins in gestational diabetes exert on the change of fetal membrane and the increase of amniotic fluid. And this may take an essential role in finding out and preventing the hazard pregnancy caused by the change of amniotic fluid, which result from abnormal glucose metabolism. Aquaporins are expected to be a new diagnostic targets and targeted drug.Methods: 1 Research Target: Choose seven cases of full-term pregnancy women (37-40weeks) with gestational diabetes as grope A; and seven cases of normal full-term pregnancy women as grope B. These two groups of test targets are all pregnant women with single fetus, whose gestational week and the age difference are not statistically significant. Diagnostic criterion takes reference from the 6th edition of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Exclusion criteria: two groups of pregnant women were excluded from chronic hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension, heart disease, liver and kidney diseases and other immune system diseases; and they were also excluded from neonatal malformations and abnormal amniotic fluid.2 Specimens Collection: Firstly, collect the subjects'fasting venous blood samples before birth, and measure their height and weight; later on immediately remove their surface blood and amniotic fluid at birth or cesarean section after placental delivery in sterile conditions; then retain two fetal membranes, size of about 1.0 * 1.0cm2, after 3 times'thorough wash with phosphate buffer (PBS); next, quick-freeze them in liquid nitrogen; and at last store them at -80℃ultra-low temperature refrigerator for later test.3 Experimental Methods: Use the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction semi-quantitative technology to examine the expression of the aquaporins 1, 3, and 9 in fetal membrane and utilize the immune assay principle to test the blood fasting insulin levels.4 Use the SPSS13.0 for statistical analysis, and the experimental data should be in normal distribution. All data should be in homogeneity. Apply sample-2, test-t and related analysis. P <0.05 is considered as significant difference.Results: 1 Grope A and Grope B both showed the expression of aquaporins 1, 3 and 9 mRNA.2 The expression of AQP3 and AQP9 subtype mRNA in these two groupes all showed obvious differences (P<0.05), the expression of AQP1 doesn't display significant differences in these two groupes (P﹥0.05).3 In these two groups, the fasting blood insulin level has no significant differences (P> 0.05); while the fasting blood glucose has great differences, which are positively correlated with the fetal weight. Own to the quantity of the samples, we have not found obvious relevance between the fasting blood glucose and fasting blood insulin, nor between the fasting blood glucose and weight index.Conclusion: 1 Aquaporins 1, 3 and 9 mRNA all expressed in the fetal membrane of full-term pregnant women and they play important roles in monitoring the amniotic fluid.2 Aquaporins 1 mRNA in groupe A and groupe B's expresses showed no obvious changes; the expression of AQP3 and AQP9 subtype mRNA in these two groupes all showed obvious differences;and in the change of imniotic fluid caused by the abnormal glucose metabolism, they do not function simply because of the volum differences. Aquaporins'molecular structure and their redistribution are equally important. In addition, Mechanisms such as permeability diuretic also function as important factors in this change.3 In the human fetal membrane, the aquaporins'molecular structure, their strength of expression and their distribution in cells work together to monitor the balance of water.4 In these two groups, the fasting blood insulin level has no significant differences (P> 0.05); while the fasting blood glucose has great differences, which are positively correlated with the fetal weight. Own to the quantity of the samples, we have not found obvious relevance between the fasting blood glucose and fasting blood insulin, nor between the fasting blood glucose and weight index.
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