Research On The Status And Optimization Strategies Of Rural Public Health Financing

Objective Define the major financing body of the rural public health through theoretical analysis, find out the current situation of rural public health financing by literature research and spot investigation, based on these, we study the existing problems and the main influential factors, and discuss the optimization strategies which in accordance with the actual situation of China.Methods Theories and methods such as health management, economics, biostatistics and so on are used in this research. Define the major financing body of the rural public health through theoretical analysis, and we use the biostatistics in discussing the present situation and main problems. The main methods include literature research, spot investigation, through surveys, in-depth personal interviews, panel discussions to acquire qualitative and quantitative data for this research, and biostatistics, such as descriptive statistics and linear regression.ResultsFirstly, the development of rural public health is in line with the new health policy in our county, and plays a positive role in follows, such as protecting the health quality of all the laborers, promoting the total national welfare and realizing social justice, and curbing the irrational increase of medical expenses. The development of rural public health is very significant in the harmonious society building.Secondly, analyze with the theory of public goods, the rural public health products mainly include public goods and quasi-public goods, with no excludability and no rivalry, and combined with strong positive external effects. Starting from the economic attributes of rural public health products, analyze with the theories of the health right, public policy and ethics, we draw a conclusion that the government should take the major responsibility of rural public health financing.Thirdly, through the research of statistical information and spot investigation data, we find the following main problems in rural public health financing: first, the government investment is insufficient; second, the public health financing mechanism is unreasonable and the fairness is declining; third, mismanagement exists in public health career, such as the government play emphasis on economic growth and neglect the public health, the unreasonable public health resources allocation, ineffective expenditure, and the lack of performance assessment indicator and incentive mechanism.Fourthly, the main elements impact on the total financing of rural public health including demographic factors, economic factors and the government factors. The demographic factors include the population, gender and age structure of the country; the main economic factors are GDP and state financial expenditure, from the linear regression function we can reach a conclusion that GDP increased by 1 yuan, 0.002yuan increase in recurrent expenses of health, the state financial expenditure increased by 1 yuan, 0.015yuan increase in recurrent expenses of health; the government factors include the official's view, the financial system and policy, and the expenditure and management capability.Results Firstly, the government financing responsibility should be strengthened, increase the input in rural public health. Secondly, divide the public health financial responsibility of government in different grades reasonably, and make the public health financing put into effect according to the scope of essential public health functions, essential public health service items and results of cost calculation. Thirdly, intensify the investment in destitute areas, and develop the allocation criteria of public health resources to promote health fairness. Fourthly, optimize the methods of government investment, and strengthen the effects management of the public health expenditure. Fifthly, reasonably treat the relationship between the economic growth and public health development, and the relationship between fairness and efficiency. Sixthly, improve the transfer funding system in economic depression areas, broaden the financing channels for public health in rural areas, and promote the public health service provision by using the nongovernmental and nonprofit organization. Seventhly, strengthen the sanitation legal system, which is the foundation of the public health career.