Study On Depression Prevalence And Its Determinants In Qingdao City

Background:In the recent decade,the social economic condition in Qingdao has changed a lot,especially in the innovatory era,which resulted in a great change among family,social environment,and sense of worth.With the increasing of life pressure and expedition of working pace,the mental stresses are continuously increasing,more and more people felt nervous,tired,and depressed. The pressure of lay-off and re-employment,divorce,family dissension, economic difficulty,child education,and employment made it even worse.More and more people are suffering from depression,especially during the past few years.The prevalence rate of depression among the youth is becoming higher and higher.Objective:To explore the prevalence rate of depression in Qingdao City. To explore the prevalence rate and distribution of depression in Qingdao,thereby provide the suggestions of how to prevent and control depression in order to promote people's mental health.Method:Stratification in Multistage Cluster Sampling was utilized in exploring the prevalence rate and risk factors of depression.(In this study,depression was met American diagnostic criterion in major depression).Questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain epidemiology data from 1st July 2005 to 18th September in Qingdao.General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12) was adopted as the screening instrument for investigation,and the 4th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-IV) and DSM-IV Axis Disorders-Patient Edition(SCID-I/P) were used for diagnosis.A total of 4800 residents older than 18 years coming from Qingdao area two cities and two countrysides were selected,24 participants could not finish the questionnaire, and the valid sample size is 4776.First,One factor analysis has been conducted by using Logistic Regression;then all factors with a statistically significance were put into condition Logistic Regression Model to investigate the related risk factors.EpiDate3.1 was used to input all the data,and SPSS 11.5 was used for data processing.Main Results:The prevalence rate of depression among people older than 18 years is 3.713%in Qingdao in 2005;4.010%in city,and 3.671%in countryside. There is no significant difference in the prevalence rate of depression among different areas((P＞0.05).The prevalence rate of depression is 2.693%in male, and 4.589%in female,there is a significant difference in the prevalence rate of depression between different genders(P＜0.01).The prevalence rate of depression among people from 18 to 34 years old is 1.438%,4.617%among people from 35 to 49 years old,4.352%among people from 50 to 64 years old, and 4.149%among people older than 65.There is no significant difference between different age groups(P＞0.05) in the prevalence rate of depression.The prevalence rate of depression is 9.646%in illiterate group,4.008%in elementary educated group,2.288%in middle-school educated group,2.029%in high school educated/technical secondary school educated group,and 4.008%in those who had college education or above.There is a significant difference between different groups in the prevalence rate of depression(P＜0.01).The prevalence rate of depression is 6.040%among unmarried group,2.296%in married/cohabiting group,4.554%in widowed group,and 39.616%in divorced/grass-widowed group,there is a significant difference among different marital status in the prevalence rate of depression(P＜0.01).The prevalence rate of depression is 2.917%in farmer group,1.607%in worker group,2.468% in Professional Technician/Administration Leader group,1.985%in self-employed business/casual laborer group,22.167%in student/housewife group,9.289%in unemployed group,and 3.292%in retired/other occupation group.There is a significant difference between different occupation groups in the prevalence rate of depression.The prevalence rate of depression is 18.621%in those who had a family hereditary history and 1.191%in those without it.There is a significant difference between two groups in the prevalence rate of depression.The prevalence rate of depression is 10.742%in low income group,3.676%in middle low income group,1.503%in middle income group,3.296%in middle high income group,and 2.757%in high income group.There is a significant difference between family groups with different income in the prevalence rate of depression.The result of One-factor indicated that there is a significant difference in the following factors:gender,age(50-64years),educated status,marital status, occupation,family hereditary history,and monthly income of the family member. Putting all these factors into Logistic Regression,we can find out that four variables are statistically related to depression except occupation,educated status, and income.We need to pay more attention on these factors in the further study. Conclusion and Suggestion:This study indicated that the prevalence rate of depression is 3.713%,it is an obviously upward trend compared with historical data,and it needs more attention.Additionally,it also has been found that gender, age(50-64years),occupation,marital status,educated status,monthly income, and family hereditary history could lead to depression as influence factors.We should pay attention on it,perhaps it can be effectively prevented and the prevalence rate of depression can be lowered if these risk factors can be controlled,and it will be good for the improvement of people's mental health.