The Study On The Optimization Of Chinese Public Health's Expenditure Structure

The study on the optimization of Chinese public health's expenditure structurePublic health services is a low-cost and effective services,but the service is a long time in return on social cycle relatively.All along,governments have public health as a very great important work.It can allocate public health resources fairly, efficiently and reasonably,so that masses get the quality and efficient service of health care.The public health emphasis on diseases prevention,not only rare in medical expenses in favor of saving,but also to extend the lives of people and is conducive to improving the health quality of life.Reasonable system of public health services can reduce infant mortality and maternal mortality,and it provide basic medical service for every citizen,it plays an important role to guarantee the stability of the society.China's health have made great progress since founding.Under the planned economy period,China accounted for about 3 percent of GDP in health,in general, to meet the basic medical and health service needs almost all members of society, and the level of public health rising rapidly,a very significant achievement.Since reform and opening up,with the economic development and the deepening of reform and opening up,China's public health development has made some achievements. Ability to supply health care services improve,the number of medical and health care institutions,doctors and the number of beds than the number of the planned economy period has been a marked growth in an overall improvement,in the level of technology and equipment,medical personnel,the quality of the business rapidly rising overall,the project can be carried out in clinics continue to increase.In addition,changes in ownership structure,and in management system,as well as multi-level competition,obviously improved the enthusiasm of the medical services agencies and the staff,the efficiency of internal operating has improved markedly.However,promote with the structural reform move forward a single step as the system of economy and health care,the field of China's medical and health have a number of questions.Between 1985-1992,the core content of health reform is "give rights to the hospital and opening up,improve the efficiency and profitability of the hospital." Since then,the proportion of GDP obviously decreased in government public health expenditure,the government has a serious shortage of public health inputs.With the reduction in government subsidies,the nature of public health care has gradually been watered down.As a result of emphasis on manage their own business too much,medical institutions in order to profit maximization as the goal, resulting in medical and health sector commercialization,because the lack of effective supervision,medical and health institutions pay attention to the economic benefits while neglect the style of the hospital industry,the entire industry in serious irregularities.For pursuit the economic interests,many doctors prescription largely, repeated inspection and use the high-tech of inspection equipment excessively, resulting in a marked increase in medical costs.At the same time,drug rebate among the hospitals and pharmaceutical sales lead high drug prices,widespread violations as medical staff accept patients with red,and lead to strained relationship between physician-patient.Since the reform of the economic system,economic resources focus on to the urban concentration,coastal areas and rich,health resources are also showing a trend in the same concentration,resulting in an imbalance of health resources on a more uneven.The gap of health resources expanding between urban and rural areas and regions.Public health is a foundation of national health system,Its essence is concerned about group health and group health problems.As a result of the specificity of their own,government has become an important providers,the public health expenditure is mainly reflected with responsibility of government's services.Along with the deepening implemented of reform and opening-up policies,the country's economic growth of total expenditures for the expansion of public health has laid a solid foundation.However,in the process of our medical and health development,because of the relationship isn't coordination,whether it is the absolute size of government public health spending accounted for the proportion of GDP,or the public health structure and distribution of expenditures,there are many practical problems to be settled urgently.For the realization of China's medical and health undertakings for sustainable development,we identify the topic on the optimization of Chinese public health's expenditure structure.This stage,China's social security system began to experience significant changes,traditional medical and health system and security system gradually lost their base of economic,China began to explore and reform for a series of medical and health system.This year,the "two sessions" held,it created a favorable external environment for the public health in our country.The new medical reform program stresses the performance of government health spending,it need to answer the question about public health expenditure on excellent structure.In the new,"the draft" in strengthening the government's responsibility,pointed out the need to adhere to government-led,strengthen the responsibility of the government in the basic medical and health system,and the government system in planning,financing, services,regulatory functions,etc,the maintenance of public health of the public welfare,and promote fair and equitable.Clearly strengthen the government responsibility and input,continuously improve the level of national health,promote social harmony.At the same time,also makes it clear that the government in the provision of public health and basic medical services in the leading position. Through government funding,to provide public health services for the equalization of urban and rural residents.Improve the urban and rural public health service system,to provide for disease control and prevention,immunization,maternal and child health,health education and other basic public health services for urban and rural residents.In addition,the "draft" is also proposed to promote reform of the management system of public hospitals and the establishment of a national system of essential drugs.From public hospitals in favor of strengthening the effective regulation of public and government's effectively monitor,actively explore the conduct of separate public from hospital,a variety of forms separate management from the build.At the same time,we must be clear that the public hospitals need to follow the principle of public welfare and social benefits of nature,adhere to the patient-centered,and optimize service processes,and standardize inspection and medical drugs,deepening the reform of operational mechanism.Essential drugs to make the implementation of the tender by the State focus on fixed-point production or procurement,direct distribution,reduce intermediate links,at a reasonable profit to determine the level of production based on the unified development of the retail price to ensure that the production and supply of essential drugs,basic drugs to protect the masses.This paper bsed on the current development of public health in the analysis of the grim reality,through the surface trying to find the causes of the phenomenon and institutional causes,and from the perspective of public finance expenditures on how to develop and improve our public health services to explore the corresponding.We examine the theoretical basis for participation in public health,Clearly the government's activities in public health responsibilities.Samples in contrast to the foreign national public health expenditure data,from both developed and developing countries the advantages and disadvantages of health policy,the medical and health undertakings in China in a number of problems,using appropriate research methods, some of the optimization of our public the recommendations of health expenditure. In our view,clearly the responsibility of the government to protect the health of investment efficiency;increase the input of government's basic health and preventive health care;increase transfer payments to ensure the basic fairness of public goods; strengthen the basis of the budget and the factual,at the same time the new budget to enhance information management;increase in the cost of drug development and Strengthen the capacity of independent research etc,it is all the practical problems we need solved in medical and health undertakings in our country.I hope that these studies can enrich the theory of China's socialist market economy,in particular to the development of health care and public health spending on institutional reform issues and structural optimization make a few contribution.