| IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common respiratory system disease. Its feature shows that the air stream is obstructed. It is a kind of chronic disease which is related to the abnormal inflammatory reaction of lungs to the harmful air or particles. The obstructive air stream is not completely reversible and develops gradually. In recent twenty years, COPD is showing a tendency to increase, with no exception of western countries. In China, COPD is a common, frequently-occurring disease which harms people's health and it ranks first among the causes of death in rural areas. There are 2300,000 people who die of it every year (2). In the decades, with the changes of such factors as the aging popolation, smoking people tending to be younger and more serious air pollution, the number of people who attack or suffer from it will increase. Long-time occurance of respiratory tract infection will lead to the COPD patient's respiratory tract reconstruction and the declining of lungs'function which will cause low oxygen. Low oxygen will result in and aggravate the high blood pressure of pulmonary artery and become CCP which brings about breathing exhaustion. The death rate is very high. The exact cause of this disease is not clear. Aging, declining of breathing function and immunity are the main causes which result in it. In 2006, GOLD pointed out that COPD was a disease which can be prevented and treated and also can bring about remarkable effects outside lungs. To stop smoking, to control professional factors and environmental pollution and to take more exercise will contribute to the lessening of the COPD occurrence, but the effects of these measures mentioned above are not perfect. During the treatment of COPD, two aspects such as controling infection and increasing immune function are mainly concerned. The main cause of acute episodes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is respiratory tract infection. Nowadays, antibiotics is mainly used in the treatment during the period of acute aggravation. Antibiotic therapy can effectively relieve the clinic symptoms of acute attack, but it can not effectively prevent recurrence. There are a quarter of patients who need take medicine repeatedly because of the reversal symptoms, especially nowadays antibiotics abuse, the overuse of medicine such as and make the infection more uncontrollable. Suprainfection and tolerance occur very often. This makes treatment very difficult and will increase the economic burden on patients.The prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory tract infection is the key problem during the procedure of the treatment of COPD. In recent years, it is generally believed that there is a close relationship between the development and revivification under the condition of the repeated infection and the state of the illness both in immunodeficiency of the organism and COPD. Immune r. can be divided into TCMI (T cell-mediated immunity) and BCHI (B cell humoral immunity). The immunity of organism gradually goes down with the age increase. The immunodeficiency of elderly people is mainly expressed in immune cell, especially in changes of T cell. There are so many studies in the function of cell immunity of elderly patients with COPD. And various reports show that the function of cell immunity of elderly patients with COPD went down greatly. Meanwhile, there are also many other reports with different vision in changes of humoral immunity. IL-2 can mainly be engendered by the activated T lymph cell. Because the decrease of the level in IL-2 can lower the function of NK cell, which lead to weakening the phagocytosis of the external pathogen, it can easily cause lung infection. External experiments reveal that both IL-2 and IFN-r may apparently increase the active of NK cell so that the infection could be controlled. TNT-a is an active material, which may cause the necrosis of tumor cell, which is an important media of immune response and inflammation response and with activated multi-organisms produced by activated mononuclear phagocyte. Many researches both in domestic and foreign countries have claimed that the increase of TNF-a is a vital norm of COPD in acute episodes. Also TNF-a may be used as a helpful norm which measures the degree of the disease and make a clear forecast. It is very important for the patients with COPD that the usage of adjective dose of immunity might improve the organism immune function, and take a precaution of respiratory tract infection attack. The application of traditional Chinese herbs may develop a new vision for the precaution of the attack of COPD. There are still many reports about the use of Shenmai and it has been proved that Shenmai is an effective method for the clinic treatment of COPD. The essay, first, aims at measuring the acute and lysis in period of T cell sub-group, cell F-a, and the changes of T cell sub-group, cell F-a before or after treatment. Second, the author of the essay would like or explore the changes and significance of immune function before or after treatment of COPD with Shenmai. Third, the author would like to know the immune condition of patients with COPD and get to know a new way of immune treatment. The measurement of TNF-αand IL-2 can reflect the immune state of the human body. Immune function of COPD patients and the shift of cell factor-alth can be found through measuring T-cell sub-group, IL-2 and TNF-α. The subjects of this experiment are COPD Patients in their acute stage and lysis stage. According to the use of Shenmai, they are divided into treatment group, normal treatment group and elderly healthy group by measuring the level of cell immunity, humoral immune function and comparing the result. We have employed FCM technique to measure T-cell sub-group, to measure the level of IgG,IgA,IgM and radioactive immune method to measure the level of IL-2 and TNF-αThe result shows: (1) the ratio of CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ of two groups of COPD acute patients has decreased (P<0.05), compared with elderly healthy group; CD8+ increased (P<0.05), the level of IL-2 decreased (P<0.05) and the ratio of TNF-αincreased (P<0.05). (2) Comparing Sherman injected group after treatment and lysis with acute stage, CD3+ has increased, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ has increased apparently (P<0.05); CD8+ increased; the level of IL-2 increased (P<0.05); and the ratio of TNF-αhas decreased (P<0.05). So we have cometo an conclusion that the immune function of COPD patients has really decreased, and we consider that the clinical treatment focusing on increase of patients'immune function is of great importance.Result: The statistics in this paper shoes that in the acute aggravating stage of COPD, T-cell sub-group has changed greatly; the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ has increased apparently, which leads to the maladjustment of the balance of T-cell sub-group, and the maladjustment of immune responsecontrol; So we have suggested that the maladjustment of immune control systemof elderly COPD patients is probably one of the recovering systems. The COPD patients in this experimental group have developed apparent infection, oxygen deficiency, IL-2 decreased and TNF-αincreased. It shows that, infection and infection and may be an important factor which affects the immune function of human body. With the improvement of the disease, cell immune function of human body has rehabilitated to some degree. But aftre treatment, the level of CD3+/CD4+ is lower than healthy people, which shows after comprefensive treatment, the immune function stays inhibition. Shenmai Injection can increase the function of cell immunity; decrease the TNF-αcontent of patients'serum CK; increase the content of IL-2 and improve. |
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