Context And Development

The objective of this text is to use the theory of contextualization to analyze the medical activities of the Christian mission during the early years of the Republic of China and to make sure the relationship between the context and the development. During the first yeas of the Republic of China , the whole country was full of political conflicts and social unrests, the spirit of nationalism became higher and higher, especially the Anti-Christian Movement from 1922 to 1927, the whole situation at home and abroad didn't contribute to the development of missionary medical health and care. However, because of the Chinese populace's current desire for the modern medical science, the admission and protection of Beiyang Government, the assistance from all parts , especially the Rockefeller Foundation to China, and the mission's policy adjusted to the need and conditions at that time for the sake of the its development, the missionary medical work went very well. But afterwards, especially during the Northern Expedition, a large number of medical missionaries were forced to leave China, or leave the inland for the coastal areas, so many hospitals and medical colleges were closed down, as to others, some were operated by the Chinese staff, some by Chinese and foreign staff together, a few continued under the protection of revolutionary army, then we can draw a conclusion that success depends on adaptation and adjustment to the new situation and failure is due to the cling to the conventions; only by coping with the special context can one seek development.This text is made up of six parts. The first part is introduction. It is divided into the concept definition, the research summary, the significance of the research, innovations and deficiencies.The second part is about the background. It mainly explains the international religious background, the great development of the modern medical science, and the complex situations in domestic society.The third part is about the early development of the protestant healthcare undertaking in China before the foundation of the Republic. It introduces the mission's healthcare work extended from Guangzhou to Shanghai, from coastal area to inland. On the whole, it developed smoothly, although it was limited to some resistance. From the hospital opening, medical school establishing to the preliminary development of the public health, all of them were accepted by more and more Chinese people because the western medicine was more effective.The fourth part, the main part, is about the protestant medical and health work in China in the early years of the Republic. It mainly introduces and analyses the social political changes, the mission's coping strategies according to them, the development of the missionary medicine and health, as well as the characteristics of the missionary medical activities.The fifth part is to take Hume and Yale Mission for example to further dialyze how the mission adjusted its strategy in order to develop its medicine and health work according to the change of the society.The sixth part is the summary of the missionary medical health work in the early days of the Republic. First summarize the positive and negative effects, second draw the conclusion of the relationship between the context and development, then reflect the native reason for the development and the decline.