Preventing And Control Of Some Emerging Infectious Diseases Occurred Overseas

Emerging and re-emerging Infectious Diseases(EID) are diseases of infectious origin whose incidence in humans has increased since the 1960s, or threatens to increase in the near future.The world have detected more than 40 EID, all countries are in the threat of EID. In addition, the use of biological weapons and bio-terrorist incidents have made the threat of EID more heavily. More than 30 kinds of EID have been detected in our country.There are still some EID having not been detected in our country,but China is also in danger of these EID as international exchange, trade and tourism development.We should research on EID to ensure the human health and social stability in our country.The reseach ideas of this paper were: First, 6 EIDs that have not been detected in our country were selected to be the objects of the study. Then the work was designed to research the epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control measures of the 6 selected EID. Afterwards, the paper analyzed the risk of the 6 selected disease. Several existing prevention and control strategies or measures of EID were introduced and analyzed in the paper. Finally, proposal for preventing the 6 selected EID importing into China and strengthening our ability to respond to EID were given.The paper included four parts:The fitst part of the paper discussed the background of the study. The combat between mankind and infectious disease has last for centuries.At the beginning, mankind didn't aware of the presence of infectious disease.Years later, mankind could prevent and control the infectious disease to a certain extent. Now, human is in face of the threat of traditional infectious diseases and EID. At present, EID is a major public health problem.Many factors have contributed to the occurrence of EID, including society change, health care, food and water, human behavior, environment change, public health infrastructure, microbial evolution and mutation.And then, the paper discussed the method by which the study objects determinated. At first, the paper identified the types of EID that having not been detected in our country.By hazard analysis and bibliometrics the peper determinated the following diseases as the objects of the study: Lassa fever, Nipah virus infection, Hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome, Rift Valley fever, Monkeypox, Hendra virus infection. The 6 kinds of EID had been reported abroad, but had not imported to China up to now, and the study of the 6 kinds of EID in our country was less than other foreign EID.In the second part of the paper, the epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control measures of the 6 kinds of selected EID were analyzed on the basis of literature retrieval.The epidemiological characteristics included the history of disease prevalence, natural epidemic focus, host and media, route of transmission, herd susceptibility. The work was also designed to research the prevention and control measures of the selected EID, including monitoring, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Furthermore, the paper introduced the epidemic prevention measures took in epidemic area where Nipah virus infections and Rift valley fever outbreaked.On the base of above, a semi-quantitative analysis was conducted on the base of the epidemiological characteristics, existing prevention and control measures and the actual situation in China to analyse the disease risk of the selected EID. The indicators used to measure the harmness of the 6 EID were geographical distribution, mortality, route of transmission, sequelae and specific prevention measures. Subdivided these indicators and gave weight index individually. Added the scores of each indicator together, we can get a total value. The total value could reflect the risk of disease to a certain extent.According to the result of semi-quantitative analysis, the sequence of diseases in descending order of risk are as follows: Nipah virus infection, Hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome, Rift Valley fever, Lassa fever, Monkeypox, Hendra virus infection. The risk analysis coude be a reference to identify focus on prevention and control of infectious diseases for our country.Several existing EID prevention and control strategies or measures were analyzed in part 3, including Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases, DoD Global Emerging Infections Diseases Prevention Strategies, communicable disease prevention and control at PAHO, the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control model of European CDC. By analyzing these strategies or measures, the focus of prevention and control of EID were concluded as:①establish EID early warning system;②strengthen response capacity to EID;③strengthen information sharing and risk communication;④develope and strengthen partnership between countries, organizations and subjects.At last but not least, treatment proposals for foreign EID were given. Measures for preventing the importation of the 6 kinds of emerging infectious diseases were proposed:①improve the environment conditions and health conditions of life;②carry out health education for different groups of people;③carry out immunization activities;④strengthen the activities of quarantine.Prophylactic measures for the 6 selected EID included three aspects: the source of infection, the media and the susceptible population. The prevention and control of the 6 selected diseases depended on the improvement of the respond ability to EID, so at the last of this paper, proposals for enhancing the respond ability to EID were given:①strengthen border quarantine to prevent the import and export of diseases;②strengthen international cooperation to improve the disease surveillance capacity;③proceed research on emerging infectious diseases to improve technical reserves;④stimulate subject cross to exploit team' s advantage;⑤strengthen multi-sectoral cooperation to improve the response capacity;⑥improve the environmental sanitation and control transmission vectors;⑦carry out publicity and education to improve the awareness of disease prevention.